TPDV is not the only source of decadal fluctuations in global mean surface temperatures. Summer warming phases in the tropics are primarily caused by AMOC-driven overturning circulation and ENSO, which involves a northward shift in the equatorial Pacific Ocean that is associated with sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific, and is known for leading to La Niña and other phases of the ENSO cycle. In the tropics, the AMOC is a crucial component of the climate system that transports heat from the tropical oceans to the north and the south, causing a shift in the
Our understanding of the climate system has improved dramatically in recent decades
Climate feedback is a branch of climate science that studies the relationship between climate change and its effects on the environment. It is also referred to as the climate–climate feedback loop, the climate–weather feedback loop, the greenhouse-gas–climate feedback loop, or simply as the feedback loop. It is a natural feedback process that was discovered by the Swedish scientist Arne Östling in the early 1970s, and is one of the most important aspects of Earth’s climate since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Climate feedback is an important source of climate change uncertainty, and a significant factor in
Decadal climate variability in the tropical Pacific has been studied for more than a century. This variability occurs at a range of scales, from the smallest possible to the largest, and is a factor that significantly influences the climate around the world. TPDV can affect nearly every aspect of our world, including weather, agriculture, ecosystems, and the economy. However, uncertainties regarding the cause and characteristics of TPDV remain significant.