Biotechnology at CCSF - Raul Morales

Raul Morales

"After earning a Bachelor’s in Science in general biology in Mexico, I found myself working as a human resources assistant in a medical facility helping to build and maintain company culture through better hiring processes and employee relations. After several years of working for this company, I decided to make a change. In 2019, I enrolled in CCSF’s biotechnology program, determined to pursue my passion for biological research again and create a better and more fulfilling future for myself.

As part of the CCSF’s CIRM Stem Cell Internship Program, I have been performing experiments that help improve research with cerebral organoids that should lead to a better understanding of the human brain development & diseases. Without having to spend lots of time and money, I see myself achieving goals which not long ago seemed out of reach. Now, I am confident that I can gain all the technical skills and scientific knowledge necessary to work in the regenerative medicine field.

My goals for this year include finishing my Stem Cell internship as well as completing my A.S degree in Biotechnology at CCSF. Afterwards, I intend to work in the biotech industry, either as a technician or a researcher, possibly seeking additional education to advance my career. Over time, I am hoping that my work experience will eventually open up entrepreneurial opportunities in this field."

Raul Morales - Cellular Stress in Cortical Organoids - CCSF CIRM Intern 2021-22.pdf

CIRM Intern: Raul Morales

Stem Cell Internship: Kriegstein Lab, UCSF

Project Title: Cellular Stress in Cortical Organoids

Abstract: The study of human brain development has been limited in large part to the examination of human cadavers (primary tissue) and/or animal brains, however, neither of these provides an optimal model for researching and understanding the most complex organ in the human.

Cortical organoids are three-dimensional models generated from pluripotent stem cells that imitate the human cortical brain structure, offering a promising 3D model for studying the human brain. Unfortunately, cell type specification in the organoid is often hindered due to an increase in cell stress. This stress is caused by the activation of cellular metabolic pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glycolysis, which tend to inhibit neuronal development. Also, the high levels of stress in organoids can change the gene expression and morphology, which also compromises the value of this research model.

In this study, we evaluate the cellular stress in organoids by measuring the gene expression levels of specific ER (ARCN1/GORSAP2) and glycolysis (PGK1) genes. By blocking the metabolic pathways of ER and glycolysis through the addition of drugs, such as 2-Deoxy-D-glucose, Sodium Citrate, AMG 18 hydrochloride, and GSK, preliminary results suggest that we can reduce organoid cellular stress. The use of this novel approach could potentially make organoids a better model, allowing scientific researchers to better research brain development and disorders.

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