Article 2 – Purpose
This Agreement, in enhancing the implementation of the Convention, including its objective, aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the context of sustainable development and efforts to eradicate poverty.
This Agreement aims to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
This Agreement aims to increase the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster climate resilience and low greenhouse gas emissions development.
TRANSLATION
Artículo 2 – Propósito
El presente Acuerdo, al reforzar la aplicación de la Convención, incluyendo su objetivo, tiene como finalidad fortalecer la respuesta global frente a la amenaza del cambio climático, en el contexto del desarrollo sostenible y los esfuerzos para erradicar la pobreza.
Este Acuerdo tiene como meta mantener el aumento de la temperatura media global muy por debajo de 2 °C con respecto a los niveles preindustriales, y proseguir los esfuerzos para limitar dicho aumento a 1.5 °C por encima de los niveles preindustriales.
Este Acuerdo busca incrementar la capacidad de adaptación frente a los impactos adversos del cambio climático y promover la resiliencia climática y un desarrollo con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
TECHNIQUES APPLIED
English: “aims to strengthen the global response”
Spanish: “tiene como finalidad fortalecer la respuesta global”
the verb aims is transformed into a verbal phrase with a noun, changing the grammar to sound natural in Spanish.
English: “efforts to eradicate poverty”
Spanish: “los esfuerzos para erradicar la pobreza”
The meaning is kept, but the structure changes to fit Spanish idiomatic norms, adjusting perspective while maintaining semantic equivalence.
English: “adverse impacts”
Spanish: “impactos adversos”
This is a fixed expression widely used in environmental and legal Spanish—an established equivalent rather than a word-for-word translation.
Ley 7 de 14 de febrero de 2018, “Que adopta medidas para prevenir, prohibir y sancionar actos discriminatorios.”
(Published in the Gaceta Oficial de Panamá. This law is public domain.)
vlex.com.pa/vid/ley-n-7-miercoles-862468244
ARTÍCULO 1 Esta Ley tiene como objetivo prohibir y establecer la responsabilidad por todo acto de violencia que atente contra la honra, la dignidad, la integridad física y psicológica de las personas, proteger el derecho al trabajo en condiciones de equidad y establecer políticas públicas para prevenir estos actos, conforme a las convenciones sobre Derechos Humanos ratificadas por la República de Panamá.
ARTÍCULO 2 Para lograr el objetivo previsto en el artículo anterior, el desarrollo de la Política Pública se enfocará en:
Sensibilizar, prevenir y prohibir con miras a erradicar el hostigamiento, acoso sexual o moral, racismo y sexismo en el ámbito laboral, educativo, comunitario y en cualesquiera otros ámbitos.
Imponer responsabilidades y sanciones, garantizando con ello los derechos humanos, la dignidad, el respeto y el bienestar de toda mujer u hombre de cualquier edad.
Law 7 of February 14, 2018, “Which adopts measures to prevent, prohibit, and sanction discriminatory acts.”
(Published in the Official Gazette of Panama. This law is in the public domain.)
The purpose of this Law is to prohibit and establish liability for any act of violence that violates the honor, dignity, and the physical and psychological integrity of individuals; to protect the right to work under conditions of equity; and to establish public policies to prevent such acts, in accordance with the Human Rights conventions ratified by the Republic of Panama.
To achieve the objective set forth in the previous article, the development of Public Policy shall focus on:
Raising awareness, preventing, and prohibiting, with the aim of eradicating harassment, sexual or moral harassment, racism, and sexism in the workplace, educational settings, the community, and any other environment.
Imposing responsibilities and sanctions, thereby guaranteeing the human rights, dignity, respect, and well-being of every woman and man of any age.
Translation Techniques Used
This technique consists of changing the grammatical category of a word or structure to make the translation more natural in the target language.
Example:
Spanish: “establecer la responsabilidad por todo acto de violencia”
English: “to prohibit and establish liability for any act of violence”
In Spanish, the phrase uses a noun structure (“la responsabilidad”), while in English it becomes a verbal structure (“establish liability”). This shift is a transposition commonly used in legal English to maintain clarity and fluency.
Modulation involves expressing the same idea but from a different angle or perspective that is more natural in the target language.
Example:
Spanish: “garantizando con ello los derechos humanos, la dignidad, el respeto y el bienestar…”
English: “thereby guaranteeing the human rights, dignity, respect, and well-being…”
The addition of “thereby” represents a change in perspective to reinforce the logical connection, which English requires more explicitly than Spanish. This is a clear example of modulation to ensure coherence in English.
This technique is used when translating expressions that do not work literally, so an idiomatic or commonly accepted equivalent is provided.
Example:
Spanish: “ámbito laboral”
English: “the workplace”
A literal translation (“labor field”) would sound unnatural in English. Instead, the idiomatic equivalent is used, demonstrating equivalence.