Chemical bonding

Electronic structure and chemical bonding:

•  When elements react, they gain, lose or share electrons to obtain a stable electronic config. (noble gas config.)

•  Groups 1-3: Cations

• Groups 5-7: Anions

Ionic compounds:

• Formed between cations and anions

• Results from transfer of valence electrons from cation to anion

• Ions in a ionic compound can also be covalently bonded together (Polyatomic ions)

• Polyatomic ions consist of atoms that are covalently bonded together, with one or more atoms sharing/ gaining/ losing valence electrons to attain a stable noble gas configuration

• Ionic compounds are attracted by strong electrostatic forces of attraction

• Oppositely charged ions come together in a giant ionic structure forming a large lattice structure

Covalent bonding

• Formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms

• Each atom contributes one electron to the bond

• Formed between non-metals

• Types

  • Single

  • Double

  • Triple

Structural formula:

• Shows how atoms are arranged and bonded together in a molecule