Court systems 

The Court of Justice

• The Court of First Instance

  • distinguish by type of jurisdiction

• • • Civil Court 

      • handles civil cases, such as disputes between people or organizations

    • Criminal Court 

      • handles criminal cases, such as individuals or entities that violated criminal law

  • distinguish by administrative structure

    • Province Court: handles civil and criminal cases outside Bangkok

    • Kwaeng Court: handles minor cases in cities

    • Specialized Court: handles specific type of disputes (labor, family)

• The Court of Appeal: hold power to review and adjudicate appeals from the Court of First Instance.

• The Supreme Court: hold power to review adjudicate appeals from the Court of Appeal, the Specialized Court, but required permissions.

The Military Court

The Military Court only jurisdictes over members of the armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force) with cases like military offense (desertion, insubordination, or disobedience of orders). 

The Military Court is not involve citizens except under special national security period (martial law, wartimes).