In:
Information and Security, An International Journal, Advances in Modeling and Simulation, Ed: Penev, V., Volume 12, Number 1, ProCon Ltd., Sofia, 2003
The use of modelling and simulation (M&S) is becoming ever more pervasive throughout the NATO defence environment. Simulation models use a variety of techniques, which have evolved from systems dynamics, information science and operations research (OR). There are closed simulations, without human interaction, which are used primarily for research and analysis. At the other end of the spectrum there are interactive simulations with considerable active participation of operators performing, in general, the human decision making process . This latter type has been the mainstay of experimental gaming or war gaming in the past, but is now finding increasing application in the computer assisted exercises (CAX). Thus, it can be argued that, not only are simulation models and applications expanding, but that their associated techniques can be applied across the full spectrum of functional activities of armed forces.