PLEASE NOTE - THIS REVIEW IS NOT FOR THE SEPTEMBER TEST BUT ONLY FOR MIDTERM

A Brief History-

Wilhelm Wundt- founded first research lab in 1879 Germany - birth of scientific psychology

Structuralism – studied consciousness- introspection, examining one’s mind and what one is thinking and feeling. Edward Titchener and William Wundt

Functionalism- look at function / result not structure, stress adaptation to the environment. William James

William James - American (Principles of Psychology in 1890) John Dewey

Gestalt psychology – focus on the totality / whole of perception, Max Wertheimer

Psychoanalysis- Sigmund Freud- focus on role of unconscious conflicts, the process of raising these conflicts to a level of awareness is the goal of psychoanalysis

Current Views of Psychology-

Evolutionary – Sociobiologists examine human thought and behavior in terms of natural selection – some traits were mor advantageous for survival and these traits would be passed down

Neurobiology- Behavior viewed in terms of biological responses

Behaviorism- Behavior viewed as a product of learned responses.

Humanism- Behavior viewed as a reflection of internal growth. Free will, self-actualization, Carl Rogers, client-centered therapy

Psychodynamic – Behavior viewed as a reflection of unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses ( Freud)

Cognitive Behavior viewed as a product of various internal sentences or thoughts. Memory, Language, and Cognition

Sociocultural – Behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Charles Darwin – evolutionary theories led to comparative psychology, inspired early functionalists

Wilhelm Wundt- ‘father of psychology’, first scientific lab

Introspection- the process of looking into yourself and describing what is there

Structuralism- the first theoretical school in psychology, stated that all complex substances could be separated and analyzed into component elements

Sigmund Freud- psychodynamic approach, emphasis on the unconscious

William James- wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’, a functionalist, coined the phrase ‘stream of consciousness’

Functionalist – asked what the mind does and why, believed that all behavior and mental processes help organisms to adapt to a changing environment

John. B. Watson- behaviorist, Little Albert

Gestalt psychology –emphasized the organizational processes in behavior, rather than the content of behavior, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Eclecticism – there is no one way of thinking about human thought and behavior Many psychologists see themselves as eclectic – they selectively borrow or draw from multiple perspectives .

Neurobiological approach (medical)- viewing behavior as the result of nervous system functions and biology

Behavioral approach –view behavior as the product of learning and associations

B. F. Skinner- behaviorist, operant conditioning

Psychoanalysis- a system of viewing the individual as the product of unconscious forces

Cognitive approach- emphasizing how humans use mental processes to handle problems or develop certain personality characteristics – Chomsky / Loftus, Ebbinghaus

Sociocultural approach – behavior viewed as strongly influenced by the rules and expectations of specific social groups or cultures

Types of Psychologists

Clinical

Counseling

Developmental

Cognitive

Forensic

Industrial Organizational

Environmental

Personality

Experimental