PRACTICE TEST CHAPTER 8
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The key components of ________ are feelings, behavioral expression, and physiological arousal. 1) _______
A) behavioral control
B) motivation
C) instinct
D) sensation
E) emotion
Page Ref: 299
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
2) ________ is an arousal state that is adaptive for coping with important emergency situations. 2) _______
A) Emotion
B) Homeostasis
C) Motivation
D) Instinct
E) Perception
Page Ref: 299
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
3) According to ________, people around the world share and recognize at least seven basic emotions. 3) _______
A) Robert Plutchik
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Walter Cannon
D) Hans Eysenck
E) Paul Ekman
Page Ref: 300
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
4) Which of the following is NOT one of the emotions which Pal Ekman believes are universally recognized? 4) _______
A) contempt
B) disgust
C) sadness
D) jealousy
E) fear
Page Ref: 300
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
5) Ekman found that fear, sadness, joy, anger, disgust, contempt and happiness were 5) _______
A) culturally created.
B) recognized only by individuals in the U.S. and European nations.
C) the only emotions that people feel.
D) recognized universally.
E) not easily recognized in Asian cultures.
Page Ref: 300
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
6) Darwin argued that 6) _______
A) emotional reactions are unrelated to states of arousal.
B) there is an infinite number of emotions for people throughout the world.
C) some simple emotional expressions cross species boundaries.
D) people are unable to cognitively label the source of their arousal.
E) understanding an emotional experience must occur before arousal can occur.
Page Ref: 300
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
7) The fact that widely different cultures use the same facial expression to express an emotion would lead researchers to believe that expressions are ________. 7) _______
A) cognitive
B) unreliable
C) situational
D) physical
E) innate
Page Ref: 300-301
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
8) Robert Plutchik believes that 8) _______
A) only individuals with a similar cultural background can recognize one another's facial expressions.
B) facial expressions are learned primarily as a result of modeling our parents facial expressions.
C) Ekman is correct when proposing the idea of seven universal facial expressions.
D) there are 8 universal facial expressions that combine to form many other emotional responses.
E) there are no universally recognized facial expressions.
Page Ref: 301
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
9) According to Robert Plutchik, the experience of the emotion of "love" is a complex blend of 9) _______
A) joy and acceptance.
B) friendship and romance.
C) belonging and happiness.
D) togetherness and care.
E) sincerity and commitment.
Page Ref: 301
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
10) Robert Plutchik's "emotion wheel" proposes that 10) ______
A) humans cannot experience two or more emotions simultaneously.
B) four pairs of opposite emotions are the basis for all other emotions.
C) humans have an infinite number of emotions which cannot be separated from each other.
D) ten emotions are the basis of all other emotions.
E) infants can feel only three different kinds of emotions.
Page Ref: 301
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
11) In almost all cultures, women tend to ________ than men. 11) ______
A) show more anger during conflicts
B) use different emotional display rules
C) show more sadness
D) be more emotional
E) hide more emotions
Page Ref: 303
Topic: Emotional Differences between Men & Women Depend on Culture
12) Roger is sad, but he does not want to cry in front of his friends because of the ________ he has been taught. 12) ______
A) emotions
B) locus of control
C) display rules
D) emotional intelligence
E) cognitions
Page Ref: 300
Topic: Emotional Differences between Men & Women Depend on Culture
13) The ________ memory system is linked to an emotion processing system that functions at an unconscious level. 13) ______
A) working
B) retroactive
C) implicit
D) procedural
E) long-term
Page Ref: 304
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
14) The ________ memory system is linked to an emotion processing system that functions at an conscious level. 14) ______
A) explicit
B) implicit
C) retroactive
D) long-term
E) working
Page Ref: 305
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
15) The role of the limbic system in emotion is to 15) ______
A) dampen emotional arousal.
B) makes a person's heart race when aroused.
C) arouse the whole brain simultaneously when we are aroused.
D) trigger the internal and external behaviors involved in emotions.
E) integrates the hormonal and neural emotional aspects.
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
16) Damage to the ________ would be expected to render a wild animal tame and placid. 16) ______
A) parasympathetic system
B) cerebellum
C) limbic system
D) blood-brain barrier
E) temporal lobe
Page Ref: 306-307
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
17) The ________ is important for arousing the brain during a crisis. 17) ______
A) thalamus
B) reticular activating system
C) limbic system
D) endocrine gland
E) hypothalamus
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
18) In animal experiments. those who received lesions to the amygdala were found to 18) ______
A) have induced anxiety and fear.
B) have a decreased level of fear.
C) have an increased appetite.
D) have decreased capacity for language.
E) suffer from impaired spatial ability.
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
19) The right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is most likely to be involved when a person is 19) ______
A) elated at their wedding reception.
B) under pressure to complete a term paper by tomorrow.
C) scared by the appearance of a spider above their head.
D) depressed after the loss of the favorite pet.
E) surprised after winning $10,000 in a lottery.
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
20) The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is likely to 20) ______
A) be angry at someone cutting you off while you ride your bike.
B) activate the sympathetic nervous system.
C) focus on someone smiling at you.
D) brood after failing an important exam.
E) None of the above
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
21) The sympathetic nervous system 21) ______
A) permits people to react with empathy to tragic situations.
B) only operates during times of low stress.
C) inhibits the release of hormones.
D) prepares the body to cope with a dangerous situation.
E) keeps rage and death instincts under control.
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
22) When we experience unpleasant stimulation, the ________ is more active; with a pleasant emotion, the ________ is more active. 22) ______
A) sympathetic division; parasympathetic division
B) hypothalamus; thalamus
C) limbic system; endocrine system
D) left hemisphere; right hemisphere
E) reticular activating system; hypothalamus
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
23) In terms of positive and negative emotions, the sympathetic nervous systems in much like ________, while the parasympathetic nervous system is more like ________.23) ______
A) hypothalamus; amygdala
B) parietal lobe; occipital lobe
C) hippocampus; amygdala
D) the cerebral cortex; hypothalamus
E) right hemisphere; left hemisphere
Page Ref: 306
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
24) Which of the following hormones is often associated with depression? 24) ______
A) norepinephrine
B) steroids
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine
E) epinephrine
Page Ref: 307
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
25) ________ proposed that emotions are the result of a physical state. 25) ______
A) Maslow and Kinsey
B) Lazarus and Schachter
C) Masters and Johnson
D) Plutchik and Rotter
E) James and Lange
Page Ref: 307
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
26) According to the James-Lange theory of emotion,if we are driving to school and a school bus slams on his brakes in front of the car we 26) ______
A) feel sad and shortly thereafter happy.
B) determine if the situation warrants fast action, if so we brake.
C) brake and then feel afraid.
D) feel afraid and brake at the same time.
E) feel afraid and then brake.
Page Ref: 307
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
27) Stanley Schacter's theory of emotion proposes that emotion results when 27) ______
A) you look back over your experiences to try and identify the arousal you just experienced.
B) you are unable to control any of your personal circumstances.
C) you simultaneously experience arousal and an emotional experience.
D) you cognitively label the arousal and give it emotional meaning.
E) your sensory experiences fail to have any personal significance.
Page Ref: 308
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
28) Which two components are part of Schacter and Singer's theory of emotion? 28) ______
A) our emotional and physical state
B) our physical state and the last time we felt a given emotion
C) our physical state and the situation we are in
D) our physical and and psychological state
E) the situations we are currently in, and the environment in which we were raised
Page Ref: 308
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
29) You go to a party and everyone is chatting and happy. Eventually you start to feel yourself get a bit more energy and join the the conversation. You feel that your neutral mood from earlier is changing in a more positive way. Which of the following emotional theories would best explain you current emotional state? 29) ______
A) James-Lange
B) Trichromatic
C) Opponent-Process
D) Cannon-Bard
E) Two-Factor
Page Ref: 308
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
30) Annika and philip survive a plane crash. Before the flight, they were strangers; shortly afterward, they marry. Stanley Schacter might call their marriage an example of30) ______
A) cognition of true love.
B) redistribution of affection.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) moment of order among disorder.
E) misattribution of emotion.
Page Ref: 309
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
31) This theory is based on the idea that emotions have pairs that play off on one another, when one is triggered, the other is suppressed. 31) ______
A) Opponent-Process
B) Cannon-Bard Theory
C) Trichromatic Theory
D) James-Lange theory
E) Two-Factor Theory
Page Ref: 309
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
32) ________ proposed that emotion and cognition are intertwined and that changing our cognitions can help us reduce emotions that are self-defeating. 32) ______
A) Julian Rotter
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Richard Lazarus
D) Caroll Izard
E) Robert Zajonc
Page Ref: 310
Topic: Where do Our Emotions Come From?
33) The notion that some arousal can facilitate performance but that too much arousal inhibits behavior is known as the 33) ______
A) inverted "U" function.
B) James-Lange theory of emotion.
C) display rules theory.
D) two-factor theory.
E) notion of homeostasis.
Page Ref: 310
Topic: Arousal, Performance, and the Inverted 'U'
34) Phil makes widgets at the local factory, he has been working here for 14 years and while he is not challenged at all he needs the job According to the Inverted U theory regarding levels of arousal, what would the optimal level of arousal be for Phil when he is at work? 34) ______
A) relatively low
B) moderate
C) relatively high
D) very low
E) very high
Page Ref: 310
Topic: Arousal, Performance, and the Inverted 'U'
35) A person who is a sensation seeker 35) ______
A) experience mainly positive emotions.
B) has a high desire for excitement.
C) may try to minimize stimulation.
D) is highly driven to succeed.
E) has acute sensory ability.
Page Ref: 310
Topic: Arousal, Performance, and the Inverted 'U'
36) The ability to understand and control emotional responses is known as 36) ______
A) anger management.
B) empathy.
C) motivation.
D) emotional intelligence.
E) savant syndrome.
Page Ref: 312
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
37) A person who has a high level of ________ can easily hide their emotions. 37) ______
A) overjustification
B) self-denial
C) external locus of control
D) emotional intelligence
E) intelligence
Page Ref: 312
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
38) According to Daniel Goleman, the ability of a four-year-old child to delay ________ predicts their level of success in later life. 38) ______
A) toilet training
B) embarrassment
C) cognition
D) intelligence
E) gratification
Page Ref: 312
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
39) Goleman reports that the children in the emotional intelligence experiment who were tempted by a marshmallow but did not eat it immediately were late in life 39) ______
A) in more trouble with the law.
B) have more negative feelings.
C) had more trouble getting along with their r peers.
D) could not control their tempers.
E) were more self-reliant.
Page Ref: 312-313
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
40) A person who is trying to hide their true feelings will 40) ______
A) become more aroused.
B) tend to blink more frequently.
C) end to speak more rapidly.
D) show dilation of the pupils.
E) show a forced smile.
Page Ref: 313
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
41) A person who is attempting to deceive others would do well to remember that the ________ is/are easier to control than are ________. 41) ______
A) tone of voice; facial expressions
B) body; facial expressions
C) bodily actions; words
D) facial expressions; bodily actions
E) idiosyncratic actions; facial expressions
Page Ref: 314
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
42) A polygraph test assesses all of the following except 42) ______
A) breathing rate.
B) eye movements.
C) heart rate.
D) blood pressure.
E) perspiration.
Page Ref: 314
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
43) Polygraph tests are often not used in court cases because 43) ______
A) they information they receive is often gained under coercive situations.
B) they will give roughly 5% false positives, making innocent people appear guilty.
C) most people refuse to take a polygraph test.
D) they can only be admitted as evidence if all of the other information has already been discussed in the court case.
E) they are only used if there are no eyewitnesses to a crime.
Page Ref: 315
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
44) New brain scanning techniques have replace the polygraph test in many areas. What type of brain waves are often linked with attention-getting cues? 44) ______
A) delta B) alpha C) theta D) beta E) P300
Page Ref: 316
Topic: How Much Control do We Have Over Our Emotions?
45) A key step in the Integrated Anger Management program is to 45) ______
A) use anger in a healthy way.
B) understand the purpose of anger.
C) eliminate most sources of anger.
D) rid oneself of unrealistic goals.
E) learn to express safely anger.
Page Ref: 317
Topic: Controlling Anger
46) The process of ________ involves starting, directing, and maintaining physical and psychological activities. 46) ______
A) emotion
B) arousal
C) drive
D) self-actualization
E) motivation
Page Ref: 318
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
47) Motivation does which of the following? 47) ______
A) creates a state of physical arousal
B) influenced solely by our genes
C) connects observable behavior to internal states
D) assures that we will meet all of our goals
E) influenced solely by our environment
Page Ref: 318
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
48) ________ is a form of motivation that plays an important role in survival and reproduction. 48) ______
A) Negative feedback
B) Cognition
C) Drive
D) Homeostasis
E) Emotion
Page Ref: 319
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
49) Which of the following is the best example of a drive? 49) ______
A) hunger
B) earning money by working at a job
C) volunteering time to feed the hungry
D) the need for achievement
E) your political views
Page Ref: 319
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
50) Your parents give you $20 every time you get an A on your report card, this is an example of 50) ______
A) a drive but not a motive.
B) an external locus of control.
C) an unconscious motivation.
D) an intrinsic motivation.
E) an extrinsic motivation.
Page Ref: 319
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
51) Susan volunteers at the local grade school to tutor students who need extra help in reading. She is not paid, but she loves to go each week, her behavior is an example of 51) ______
A) intrinsic motivation.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) low "n Ach".
D) locus of control.
E) high "n Ach".
Page Ref: 319
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
52) A person who visits a cafeteria to be with his friends would be said to show ________ motivation whereas another person might show ________ motivation because they are only there to get some free pizza. 52) ______
A) intrinsic; extrinsic
B) deferred; peripheral
C) peripheral; deferred
D) conscious; unconscious
E) extrinsic; intrinsic
Page Ref: 319
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
53) ________ theory can account for regular cycles of animal activity. 53) ______
A) Drive
B) The James-Lange
C) Homeostatic
D) Psychoanalytic
E) Instinct
Page Ref: 320
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
54) According to drive-reduction theory, ________ refers to the balance among the body's systems and processes. 54) ______
A) external motivation
B) psychic energy
C) homeostasis
D) optimal arousal
E) a fixed-action pattern
Page Ref: 320
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
55) The currently-preferred term for instinct is 55) ______
A) internal cognition.
B) negative incentive.
C) external motivation.
D) homeostatic function.
E) fixed-action pattern.
Page Ref: 320
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
56) The fact that when we are hungry we seek to satisfy that need is explained best by the ________ theory of motivation. 56) ______
A) locus of control
B) instinct
C) homeostasis
D) Freud's
E) drive-reduction
Page Ref: 320
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
57) Drive-reduction theory does not explain why 57) ______
A) we try to seek shelter when it is cold outside.
B) we look for something to eat when we are hungry.
C) we want to do well on semester exams.
D) we drink wanter when we are thirsty.
E) we go to bed when we are tired.
Page Ref: 320
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
58) Julian Rotter is known in psychology for endorsing which motivation theory? 58) ______
A) humanistic theory
B) instinct theory
C) social-learning theory
D) drive theory
E) incentive theory
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
59) Locus of control refers to a person's 59) ______
A) ability to control or motivate others.
B) belief about whether he or she can cope with stress successfully.
C) belief about whether he or she can control outcomes.
D) inner desire to succeed.
E) overall level of stress.
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
60) The two factors that determine the likelihood of engaging in behavior, according to Rotter's social-learning theory, are ________. 60) ______
A) desire and love
B) nature and nurture
C) expectation and value
D) want and need
E) time and money
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
61) If you attribute your success on an an exam to your study habits, you are using ________ to explain your performance. 61) ______
A) internal locus of control
B) intrinsic motivation
C) preconscious motivation
D) unconscious motivation
E) external locus of control
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
62) During hurricane Katrina, many victims never tried to apply for federal aid because they believed that the decision to receive aid was in the hands of the government and there was nothing they as individuals could do about it. These individual have 62) ______
A) an external locus of control.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) impaired motivation.
E) negative incentive motivation.
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
63) According to Freud, aggression is to thanatos as sex drive is to ________. 63) ______
A) libido
B) creativity
C) charity
D) perception
E) drive theory
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
64) The only theory of Motivation to take a developmental approach is 64) ______
A) Maslow's.
B) Freud's.
C) instinct theory.
D) drive reduction theory.
E) locus of control.
Page Ref: 321
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
65) Identify the case below in which the more basic need is listed before the "higher" need, according to Maslow's theory of motivation. 65) ______
A) esteem before safety
B) self-actualization before affiliation
C) attachment before biology
D) attachment before esteem
E) affiliation before biology
Page Ref: 322-323
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
66) Maslow's humanistic theory of motivation has difficulty in explaining why 66) ______
A) a person would ask for dessert after eating a delicious meal.
B) Ghandi would starve for political freedom.
C) two people would fall in love.
D) you go to sleep earlier than usual when you are feeling tired.
E) you study hard to do well on your exams.
Page Ref: 322-323
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
67) Maslow defined ________ as the state in which a person seeks to move beyond basic human needs in the quest for the fullest development of their potential 67) ______
A) self-actualization
B) psychoanalysis
C) drive
D) locus of control
E) optimal arousal
Page Ref: 323
Topic: Motivation: What Makes Us Act as We Do?
68) Providing an external reward for a behavior that is already intrinsically motivated may result in a 68) ______
A) new locus of control.
B) sense of irritation.
C) slower rate of learning.
D) reduction in the rewarded behavior.
E) refusal to accept rewards of any kind.
Page Ref: 324
Topic: Rewards Can (Sometimes) Squelch Motivation
69) The task of a person taking a projective test such as the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is to 69) ______
A) have their brain scanned while reading.
B) describe a vague picture.
C) take a paper-and-pencil inventory.
D) talk about their future plans.
E) play a role from a script.
Page Ref: 326
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
70) The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a type of ________ test. 70) ______
A) aptitude
B) intelligence
C) achievement
D) projection
E) personality
Page Ref: 326
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
71) Those who score high in nAch display which of the following when comparing them to those who score low in nAch? 71) ______
A) higher IQ scores
B) ear more rapid promotions.
C) assume more leadership roles
D) take more competitive jobs
E) All of the above
Page Ref: 326
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
72) ________ in the cultures of Latin America and the Middle East may act to discourage individual achievement. 72) ______
A) Collectivism
B) Euphemism
C) Extrinsic motivations
D) Self-actualization
E) Structuralism
Page Ref: 326
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
73) The ________ would explain that Charissa's decision to munch on popcorn depends on whether she enjoys popcorn, how long it has been since she last ate, and what time of day it is. 73) ______
A) needs hierarchy view
B) "stop" center concept
C) set point theory
D) multiple-system approach
E) theory of drive
Page Ref: 327
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
74) Mice that lack the hormone ________ will continue to eat even when they are full of food. 74) ______
A) estrogen
B) ghrelin
C) leptin
D) insulin
E) thyroxin
Page Ref: 327
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
75) The sensation of hunger in response to low blood sugar is due to activation of the ________. 75) ______
A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) ventromedial hypothalamus
D) lateral hypothalamus
E) adrenal gland
Page Ref: 327
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
76) ________ refers to the tendency of the body to maintain a certain level of body fat and body weight. 76) ______
A) Cataplexy
B) Metabolism
C) Hunger drive
D) Blood sugar level
E) The set point
Page Ref: 327
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
77) Annie has gone in a diet, initially she lost much weight, but now her weight seems to have stabilized, this is probably because 77) ______
A) she has reached the lower end of her set point.
B) her lateral hypothalamus is damaged.
C) she is producing the hormone ghrelin.
D) she has used up all of her bodies fat reserves.
E) her ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged.
Page Ref: 327
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
78) The Centers for Disease control reports that ________ of the U.S. population os overweight and about ________ are clinically obese 78) ______
A) 25%; 10%
B) 75%; 25%
C) 75%; 50%
D) 50%; 10%
E) 50%; 25%
Page Ref: 328
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
79) By definition, anorexia nervosa involves a person who weighs less than ________ of their ideal body weight and still is concerned about being fat. 79) ______
A) 75% B) 95% C) 90% D) 85% E) 60%
Page Ref: 329
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
80) Which of the following has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder? 80) ______
A) alcoholism
B) schizophrenia
C) depression
D) bipolar
E) anorexia
Page Ref: 329
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
81) From an evolutionary perspective, people may be overeat because 81) ______
A) they enjoy food.
B) they did not exercise.
C) being overweight was a sign of status.
D) they are reserving fat stores in case of famine.
E) they have no willpower.
Page Ref: 329
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
82) ________ is caused by a drop in blood plasma levels, while ________ results from water moving through the cell walls of your body and escaping in the form of sweat, urine, feces and moisture in your breath. 82) ______
A) Hunger; thirst
B) Volumetric thirst; hunger
C) Thirst; hunger
D) Hunger; osmotic thirst
E) Volumetric thirst; osmotic thirst
Page Ref: 330
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
83) Sexual motivation resembles hunger in that 83) ______
A) each is accounted for by drive theory.
B) each produces an arousal that is pleasurable.
C) each plays a role in survival of the species.
D) deprivation of each behavior can be life-threatening.
E) both are homeostatic drives.
Page Ref: 330
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
84) Who did the first widely published study n sexual behavior? 84) ______
A) Freud
B) Maslow
C) Masters and Johnson
D) Ford and Beach
E) Kinsey
Page Ref: 331
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
85) Masters and Johnson contributed to the study of human sexuality by 85) ______
A) interviewing 17,000 Americans about their sexual behavior.
B) setting up video cameras in people's homes to measure their sexual behaviors.
C) directly observing and recording physiological patterns in sexual performance.
D) developing sexual scripts for sexual responsiveness.
E) looked for brain abnormalities as the cause of male homosexuality.
Page Ref: 331
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
86) The ________ phase of the sexual response cycle involves the swelling of blood vessels in the pelvic region. 86) ______
A) orgasm
B) intercourse
C) resolution
D) plateau
E) excitement
Page Ref: 332
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
87) A maximum level of sexual arousal is reached during the ________ phase of the human sexual response cycle. 87) ______
A) plateau
B) resolution
C) orgasm
D) climax
E) excitement
Page Ref: 332
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
88) The correct order of the stages of human sexual response as reported by Masters and Johnson are 88) ______
A) excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
B) resolution, excitement, plateau, orgasm.
C) excitement, orgasm, plateau, resolution.
D) plateau, orgasm, resolution, excitement.
E) excitement, plateau, resolution, orgasm.
Page Ref: 332
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
89) Women are different in men in their sexual responses in that they 89) ______
A) they do not go through the orgasm stage.
B) they more more quickly through the stages than men.
C) go through different stages than men during the sexual response cycle.
D) the stay aroused for a shorter time than men.
E) they remain aroused longer than men.
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Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
90) The ________ is considered to be the most important human sex organ. 90) ______
A) brain B) penis C) vagina D) pelvis E) clitoris
Page Ref: 333
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
91) A(n) ________ is a socially-learned program of sexual responsiveness. 91) ______
A) sexual script
B) orientation
C) instinct
D) schema
E) plateau
Page Ref: 333
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
92) Wilma touches her friend, Fred, to offer him support. However, Fred interprets this as a sign that Wilma would like to kiss him. Fred and Wilma have different 92) ______
A) sexual response cycles.
B) sexual scripts.
C) sexual orientations.
D) sexual values.
E) levels of sensitivity.
Page Ref: 333
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
93) According to the evolutionary theory, the goal of both sexes is to 93) ______
A) reduce anger and stress.
B) achieve orgasm.
C) create as many offspring as possible.
D) get a consistent amount of nightly sleep.
E) eat until full.
Page Ref: 334
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
94) Evolutionary psychologists suggest that men may have more extramarital affairs than women because 94) ______
A) Women look for men with more resources.
B) women feel more of a responsibility to their family.
C) men are more concerned with personality than women.
D) men are less satisfied in their marriages.
E) Women can only produce a limited number of children in their lifetime, but men attempt to produce as many as possible.
Page Ref: 334
Topic: How Are Achievement, Hunger, and Sex Alike? Different?
95) Pillard and Bailey's studies on sexual orientation in twins showed that 95) ______
A) there is little relationship between the sexual orientations of twins.
B) there is an almost perfect relationship between the sexual orientations of twins.
C) most people do have some homosexual interests.
D) when one identical twin is a homosexual, the chance of the other being homosexual is about 50 percent.
E) the rate of homosexuality among identical twins is ten times higher than in the general population.
Page Ref: 335
Topic: The Origins of Sexual Orientation
96) Simon LeVay found that a part of the ________ in homosexual men was significantly ________ than that structure in the brains of heterosexual men. 96) ______
A) hypothalamus; smaller
B) thalamus; larger
C) testicle; smaller
D) DNA structure; smoother
E) RAS; larger
Page Ref: 336
Topic: The Origins of Sexual Orientation
97) The key components of ________ are feelings, behavioral expression, and physiological arousal. 97) ______
A) emotion
B) sensation
C) motivation
D) instinct
E) behavioral control
Page Ref: 299
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
98) According to ________, people around the world share and recognize at least seven basic emotions. 98) ___
A) Abraham Maslow
B) Robert Plutchik
C) Walter Cannon
D) Hans Eysenck
E) Paul Ekman
Page Ref: 300
Topic: What Do Our Emotions Do for Us?
99) How would drive reduction theory explain a person accepting a new job with a higher salary but that requires more work and responsibility? 99) ______
A) Money is a more powerful incentive for this individual than free time
B) This person seeks a higher activity level and takes this job in order to satisfy this drive
C) For this person, money is a higher level need than free time
D) The person takes the job to satisfy the secondary drive of increased salary
E) Humans instinctively seek greater resources and control over their environment
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Topic:
100) Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothamus? 100) ______
A)Contraction and expansion of the stomach, indicating too much or too little food
B) Body temperature and desire to eat
C) Desire to eat and physiological process needed for eating and digestion
D) The binge and purge cycle in bulimics
E) The desire to eat and the feeling of satiety (fullness), that makes us stop eating
101) What is the chief difference between how achievement motivation and arousal theory explain human motivation?
A) Achievement motivation is a specific example of arousal motivation
B) Arousal Theory describes the optimal level of general arousal an individual seeks, while achievement motivation describes what type of goals the individual is motivated to achieve
C) Arousal Theory describes motivation by referring to stages in our response to stress (GAS). Achievement motivation is not used to describe motivation due to stress
D) A person with a low optimal level of arousal according to arousal theory would have a high achievement motivation
E) Arousal Theory is an older and more outdated theory than Achievement Theory
102) Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be more advantageous than extrinsic motivation?
A) Intrinsic motivation may be more enduring since extrinsic motivation is temporary
B) Intrinsic motivation is easier to provide
C) Intrinsic motivation is higher on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, so we are more motivated to meet than extrinsic needs
D) Intrinsic motivations are more likely to be primary drives. Extrinsic motivations are secondary drives
E) Intrinsic motivations are more effective with a wider range of individuals
103) The Yerkes- Dodson Law predicts that most people would perform an easy task best if they are at 103) ______
A) A high level of arousal
B) A low level of arousal
C) A baseline state
D) A level of self-actualization
E) A state of homeostasis
104)Seyle’s General Adaption Syndrome describes
A) How the central Nervous System processes emotions
B) The effects of low arousal on emotion
C) Our reaction to stress
D) Our reactions to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
E) the sexual response cycle in human
105)Excessive time spent in the resistance phase of Seyle’s General Adaption Syndrome can contribute to
A) Increased time an indivual needs to adapt to a new emotional situation
B) Decreased motivation to perform novel tasks
C) Stress related illnesses like ulcers or heart conditions
D) A reduction in the drive to achive goals
E) Resistance to learning skills needed for novel tasks
106) Which of the following factors does research indicate may influence sexual orientation?
A) Parenting styles
B) Degree of masculinity or feminity expressed in childhood
C) Traumatic childhood experiences
D) genetic influences
E) Being raised by homosexual parents
107)The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called
A) Hierarchy of Needs
B) Homeostasis
C) Equilibrium
D) Primary Satisfaction
E) Secondary Satisfaction
108) Perceived control over a stressful event tends to result in
A) Less reported stress
B) More frustration regarding the stressful event
C) More motivation to resolve the stressful problem’
D) Increased arousal
E) Higher heart and respiration rates