Tomcat on Ubuntu

如果直接去 tomcat 官网下载压缩包,则解压到 /opt/tomcat 或其他目录使用即可,使用比这个简单。但要注意的是,在 Linux 平台,{tomcat dir}/bin 目录下的 *.sh 档案是没有可执行权限的,必须通过执行 chmod +x *.sh 授权後方可使用。

下面只描述通过 apt-get 方式安装的 Tomcat.

常用操作

安装:sudo apt-get install tomcat6

卸载:sudo apt-get remove --purge tomcat6

启动:sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat6 start (后面可以接一些参数,比如 -run 来查看启动时的日志)

关闭:sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat6 stop

重启:sudo /etc/init.d/tomcat6 restart

目录结构

用习惯了在 apache 下载的压缩包直接解压的 tomcat,一时间还不能适应这个 tomcat. 安装好后,通过"whereis tomcat6" 查找到如下两个目录:

/etc/tomcat6 (一些配置文件)

/usr/share/tomcat6

但实际上,还有另外几个目录:

/usr/share/tomcat6

/usr/share/tomcat6-admin

/usr/share/tomcat6-docs

/usr/share/tomcat6-examples

/var/lib/tomcat6(自己写的应用,可放在这个目录下的 webapp 里)

/etc/tomcat6$ tree

.
|-- Catalina
|   `-- localhost
|       |-- docs.xml
|       |-- examples.xml
|       |-- host-manager.xml
|       |-- manager.xml
|       `-- ROOT.xml
|-- catalina.properties
|-- context.xml
|-- logging.properties
|-- policy.d
|   |-- 01system.policy
|   |-- 02debian.policy
|   |-- 03catalina.policy
|   |-- 04webapps.policy
|   |-- 10examples.policy
|   `-- 50local.policy
|-- server.xml
|-- tomcat-users.xml
`-- web.xml

================================================

/usr/share/tomcat6$ tree

.
|-- bin(但直接用这里的脚本启动和关闭 tomcat,会报错,直接用前面提到的指令,就没问题)
|   |-- bootstrap.jar
|   |-- catalina.sh
|   |-- catalina-tasks.xml
|   |-- digest.sh
|   |-- setclasspath.sh
|   |-- shutdown.sh
|   |-- startup.sh
|   |-- tomcat-juli.jar -> ../../java/tomcat-juli.jar
|   |-- tool-wrapper.sh
|   `-- version.sh
|-- lib
|   |-- annotations-api.jar -> ../../java/annotations-api-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- catalina-ant.jar -> ../../java/catalina-ant-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- catalina-ha.jar -> ../../java/catalina-ha-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- catalina.jar -> ../../java/catalina-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- catalina-tribes.jar -> ../../java/catalina-tribes-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- commons-dbcp.jar -> ../../java/commons-dbcp.jar
|   |-- commons-pool.jar -> ../../java/commons-pool.jar
|   |-- el-api.jar -> ../../java/el-api-2.1.jar
|   |-- jasper-el.jar -> ../../java/jasper-el-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- jasper.jar -> ../../java/jasper-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- jasper-jdt.jar -> ../../java/ecj.jar
|   |-- jsp-api.jar -> ../../java/jsp-api-2.1.jar
|   |-- servlet-api.jar -> ../../java/servlet-api-2.5.jar
|   |-- tomcat-coyote.jar -> ../../java/tomcat-coyote-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- tomcat-i18n-es.jar -> ../../java/tomcat-i18n-es-6.0.24.jar
|   |-- tomcat-i18n-fr.jar -> ../../java/tomcat-i18n-fr-6.0.24.jar
|   `-- tomcat-i18n-ja.jar -> ../../java/tomcat-i18n-ja-6.0.24.jar
|-- skel
|   |-- bin
|   |   `-- setenv.sh
|   `-- conf
|       |-- catalina.properties
|       |-- context.xml
|       |-- logging.properties
|       |-- server.xml
|       |-- tomcat-users.xml
|       `-- web.xml
`-- webapps //鄙人很郁闷的是,在公司的测试服务器上,这个 webapps 目录的位置是:/var/lib/tomcat6/webapps
    `-- default_root
        |-- index.html
        `-- META-INF
            `-- context.xml

PS: to view the tree of file system, you should install 'tree' and then can you use the command 'tree' to do so.

自述文件

从新立得安装好 tomcat 并启动后,本机访问 http://localhost:8080 可以看到如下内容:

It works !
If you're seeing this page via a web browser, it means you've setup Tomcat successfully. Congratulations!
This is the default Tomcat home page. It can be found on the local filesystem at: /var/lib/tomcat6/webapps/ROOT/index.html
Tomcat6 veterans might be pleased to learn that this system instance of Tomcat is installed with CATALINA_HOME in /usr/share/tomcat6 and CATALINA_BASE in /var/lib/tomcat6, following the rules from /usr/share/doc/tomcat6-common/RUNNING.txt.gz.
You might consider installing the following packages, if you haven't already done so:
tomcat6-docs: This package installs a web application that allows to browse the Tomcat 6 documentation locally. Once installed, you can access it by clicking here.
tomcat6-examples: This package installs a web application that allows to access the Tomcat 6 Servlet and JSP examples. Once installed, you can access it by clicking here.
tomcat6-admin: This package installs two web applications that can help managing this Tomcat instance. Once installed, you can access the manager webapp and the host-manager webapp.
NOTE: For security reasons, using the manager webapp is restricted to users with role "manager". The host-manager webapp is restricted to users with role "admin". Users are defined in /etc/tomcat6/tomcat-users.xml.

以上说明了一些重要的目录信息。