* This project from students to students to help their comrades to protect their eyes from prevail disease and keep healthy.
*our project will begin with an introduction ,pre-launch , launch , work plan and students activities ,collaboration or debates , assessment and finally , celebration
* the resources of the project are students own researches, books and magazines, visiting a specialist and visiting some websites to complete students researches.
* The outcome of this project are
a. students will learn more about how to protect eyes from prevailing diseases , they will be able to produce power point documents , word , animation or website
*students will be able to apply the skills of 21st century skills as they achieve communication or be creative.
* thee class and school will learn more about eyes by making magazines and posters for community make propaganda to aware people of eyes diseases.
The project's essential problem, question or issue:
how do we protect our eyes from serious diseases?
Eyes are gift from Allah to all creatures . It is beyond our scope and description . Without eyes we can't see things we can't related things to our minds ' we can't express about what ahead of us and we can't put any description for things . We can't see the faces and shapes of persons , images ,natural things around us . What a gift is it? what will happen if we lost them .? Do you think really your expression of things like those who lost sight , we feel pity for them and amazing of their challenge to express things through their stability,will and strong feeling .They really creative and we know lots of them , you can see and learn more about them in our project.
Team Work:
What to whom........? The role of each member
Omar and Ramdan prepare the lab and collect paper and sheets.
Ahmed and Abdel Rahman visit a specialist and write a report.
Diaa and Ziyad collect some information from websites
Learning and Research activity
01/12/2010
Students researches
- articles
- collecting some sheets from students ideas.
-reports through meeting a specialist.
- drawings
- books and magazines from school library.
Online Resources
Review meeting and check point activity
27/12/2010
A meeting with the team
Definitely, we have to meet weekly with the team to discuss the highlighted points in the project and to review the team works.So after a long discussion , we agree on the following checkpoints ;
Photos about eyes
showing eyes using skelton
Ziyad gives a description about eyes
Long and short sight
Eye is the window in which we see the world and it works within the collected reflexif light of the objects around it or the scene which we look , where the light passes through the Iris which contains Pupil which norrowed according to the amount of eye so light declines through Cornea and this is the main concentrated element for eye. So It allows light fall upon Retina which is a sensitive membrane for light which lined out the back wall of eye and the Retina joined with the fallen light and changes it into message send to the human brain where it translate this information from the message and changes it into the view or picture we see ahead.
Some people suffer from the lack of vision related to short or long sightness.And this make them wearing glass forever.This is usually happens during childhood and gradually increased during adolecence and settles at the age of eighteen and the main problem is short and long sight and the main cure is wearing glasses or stuck lens and the patiant who suffers from short sight , he can't see far things clearly and the increasing of short sight decrease the clearness of things and make the lens too thin. because the collected sight composed behind theretina not over it , so the view is not clear until wearing lens or glasses.
long and short sight
glasses ....lens...lazek
Normal glasses is a good mean for long and short sight problem , but most of people don't prefer wearing it.So , they wear stuck lens instead , It is a soft artifial lens which put over eye lid/ surface , although it is easy in hand , it will demand intensive care to prevent any infection. Laser is out of date style for short and long sight. Using laser lens is a modern used by world scientist' Kousea Barquare' in 1960, then it was developed by the world scientist ' Sernivasan' in1981, then by the Italian scientist 'LauisBratue' and Creek scientist in 1991. But the first operation was done by the two American scientist 'Stevan Brient', 'Steven Siaed' IN 1991.
Laser technology works with lesser –x –ray which contain s ultraviolet wave , to alter cornea lid and change the reflection power inside to enable the patients to see safely.
Why does eye twinkle?
Human eye usually twinkles once each five seconds , and if we considered man still awakes for 16 hours a day , his eye's twinkling would be by 11500 once a day or 4.2 millions once a year. Eye 's twinkling is a senseless movements , where man does unconsciously and this is very important on the safeness of eye.The stuck hair on the sclera or eye 's lid picks up dust and prevent it to penetrate into eye and causes harshness and redness. And when there is a bad weather , eye lid protect it of any strange object and the hair wipe out any drops or swearing . THE most important role for eye twinkling is to provide eye with liquid which Aqueaus Humour provides / gets out and each time eye twinkles , the eye lid take little amount of this liquid or what we say tears and in which cover the outer surface of the eye to prevent its dry.
Blue colour ...is the root
Everyone has special characteristics as a baby in his mother's womb. One of these characteristics is eye 's colour . The shape and the characteristics of baby is a group of inherited genes which body cells carry , and their numbers by 46 gene. Half of these genes are inherited from father and the others from mother , and some of these genes identify the color of the eye. Although scientists found that eyes contain gene which is responsible for the blue color for the eye, some people have cells with another colour; so their eyes' colour appear as green , grey ,black or brown and this is not seen clearly until child has got two years old .So,all babies eye appear with blue color in their early age then change with their growing up to limit a certain colour.
By growing , eyes obtain /get 'melamine' which body produce as a kind of painting for skin and hair and each part of the melamine has dark brown colour. If these parts have dense collective , the colour of eye become dark brown and if has less density , the color of eye become light brown.And with the same manner , some people obtain their blue color for eyes because ' melamine matter' inside it is light and reflect the blue colour which get it from the reflection of sun
rays in sky.
Blind people see within their imaginative
Our memory pays an important part in discrimination between things and colour.Those who were born with sight , then lost it in their stages of life , they are able to see or remember the shape of the things before blindness with their imagination. This person who lost his sight is able to draw a picture of what he is talking with or his surrounding , using his last memory or imagination. For color ,also depends on memory and the age of the blinded person and the power of memory enables him to contact things and situation with the colour he remembers.
But for the things and persons after blindness, he can't recognize them easily , only with a strong imagination from blessing of Allah, where this person is able to draw a picture of what around him . While the person who was born blind , he can't see even in his sleeping, so he depended in his vision on all of his senses and develop them to recognize on what around
him.
Avisit to an oculist
Ali Z Editor: Mrs Mohamed Yousef
Me and my peer have visited a specialist in an optical clinic and we met Dr.Hanaa and we are excited that we managed to make an inteviewing with her. She welcomed us and answered all our questions e.g.
1. Please, tell us about eye and how do we get vision through an eye?
2. P lease, we'd like you to tell us about the serious diseases which attack eyes?
3. Prevention is better than Cure. Give us an advise , please.
Dr. Hanaa said that eye is the organ which is responsible for sight . It is the window , within we get vision. It sends message to brain and through it , brain send us its reply by the ability to see what is around us.
Dr. Hanaa said also that night blindness and colour blindness are cases of eyes disease but Cataract, glaucoma and trachoma lead to completely blindness . Also neglictness and using bad drugs may provide eye with serious diseases beside long and short sight for the patient. We use modern optical instruments to daignose any virus attacks eye. Dr.Hanaa said also that we should pay cre for our eyes by washing it before sleeping and after sleeping . We shouldn't touch our eyes with dirty hands and we should use ' eye drop' for any redness on eyes. Sight savers is preventing and curing these diseases and restoring sight where possible. .
My Pictures
+
+
+
09/04/2011
My Pictures
What are the types of eyes?
BLUE
BROWN
GREEN
Eye types can be categorized into "simple eyes", with one concave photoreceptive surface, and "compound eyes", which comprise a number of individual lenses laid out on a convex surface.Note type can be adapted for almost any behavior or environment. The only limitations specific to eye types are that of resolution—the physics of compound eyes prevents them from achieving a resolution better than the other one.Also, superposition eyes can achieve greater sensitivity than apposition eyes, so are better suited to dark-dwelling creatures.These types as below; a. Normal eyes
Human eyes are example of normal eye. Simple eyes are rather ubiquitous, and lens-bearing eyes have evolved at least seven times in vertebrates andcephalopods, annelids. b . Pit eyes
Pit eyes, also known as stemma,are eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light .c.
Spherical lensed eye The resolution of pit eyes can be greatly improved by incorporating a material with a higher refractive index to form a lens, which may greatly reduce the blur radius encountered—hence increasing the resolution obtainable. This eye creates an image that is sharp enough that motion of the eye can cause significant blurring. To minimize the effect of eye motion while the animal moves, most such eyes have stabilizing eye muscles.c. Multiple lenses Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copepodhas three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. e. Refractive cornea, In the eyes of most mammals ,birds reptiles, and most other terrestrial vertebrates (along with spiders and some insect larvae) the vitreous fluid has a higher refractive index than the air, relieving the lens of the function of reducing the focal length. This has freed it up for fine adjustments of focus, allowing a very high resolution to be obtained.f. Reflector eyes; An alternative to a lens is to line the inside of the eye with " mirrors", and reflect the image to focus at a central point.The nature of these eyes means that if one were to peer into the pupil of an eye, one would see the same image that the organism would see, reflected back out.g.Compound eyes; An image of a house fly compound eye surface by using Scanning Electrone Microscope.A compound eye may consist of thousands of individual photoreceptor units or ommatidia.Compound eyes fall into two groups: apposition eyes, which form multiple inverted images, and superposition eyes, which form a single erect image.
photos
Well known blind people
Taha Hussien is one of famous Lterate person who learned about Arabic language and graduated from Al AZHAR university in Cairo from 14 November 1889 to 28 October 1973 . He managed to travel in amission to France and get more knowledge to connect between western and eastern literature . One of his famous Novel is'Al Ayaam' a completetly description to his early life and the life inside poor family . He became the top secreatary of Cairo university , then Dean Arabic Literature.
Amar El Shorea is one of the famous composer in Egypt. He composited lots of songs and musician scripts . He was graduate from faculty of Arts at Ain Shams university at Cairo where he studied English literature. , He is still alive to introduce more and more of his hobbies.
Abu Alaa Al Marai was one of the famous poet in Arabic literature who wrote more of verses and prose and poetry and still his poetry and prose are taught till now.
Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 - June 1, 1968): Helen Adams Keller was an American author, activist and lecturer. She was the first deaf/blind person to graduate from college. She was not born blind and deaf; it was not until nineteen months of age that she came down with an illness described by doctors as "an acute congestion of the stomach and the brain", which could have possibly been scarlet fever or meningitis. The illness did not last for a particularly long time, but it left her deaf and blind. Keller went on to become a world-famous speaker and author. She is remembered as an advocate for people with disabilities amid numerous other causes.
Harriet Tubman (c. "in approximately" 1820 - March 10, 1913): Harriet Tubman was a slave throughout her youth, being treated as an animal until she eventually escaped captivity. She was an abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. When she had reached Canada she did not stay to enjoy her freedom. She returned to the lands and brought hundreds of black slaves back to safety, saving them from slavery by escaping in what was then called The Underground Railroad. After a severe wound to the head, which was inflicted by a slave owner before her escape, she became victim to vision impairment and seizures. That did not keep her from tossing her fears aside and to keep fighting for the freedom of her people.
· Galileo Galilei - (15 February 1564 - 8 January 1642) Galileo Galilei was a Tuscan (Italian) astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and philosopher being greatly responsible for the scientific revolution. Some of his accomplishments include improvements to the telescope, accelerated motion and astronomical observations. Galileo was the first to discover the four largest satellites of Jupiter which were named the Galilean moons in his honor. Galileo had also improved compass design and eventually opposed the geocentric view. His sight started to deteriorate at the age of 68 years old and eventually leaded to complete blindness.
·
John Milton - (December 9, 1608 - November 8, 1674)John Milton was a civil servant, English poet and prose polemicist. Milton was well known through his epic poem Paradise Lost and also for his radical views on republican religion. He never was well adjusted in school and once got expelled for having a fist fight with his tutor. Eventually he began to write poetry in English, Latin and Italian. John Milton became blind at the age of 43 in 1651, and has written books containing quotes of how the experience sometimes made him miserable.
James Thurber - (December 8, 1894-November 2, 1961) James Thurber was a comedian and cartoonist most known for his contributions to New Yorker Magazine. While playing with his brothers William and Robert, William shot him in the eye with and arrow while playing a game of William Tell making him almost completely blind after the loss of an eye. At school James could not play sports with his friends due to this accident so he decided to work on his creative mind, putting his skills in writing.
Homer (Ancient Greek: `Oμηρος, Hómeros): a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. He was also said to have been blind. The ancient Greeks generally believed that Homer was a historical individual, but modern scholars are skeptical because no reliable
· Horatio Nelson - (29 September 1758 - 21 October 1805) Horatio was a British admiral and was one of the first to go against the conventional tactics of his time by cutting through the enemy's lines in the Napoleonic Wars. Horatio became blind in one eye early in his Royal Navy career, he would use his blindness as cockiness during certain fights. In those days a retreat or surrender was shown via a system of signal flags, when friendly or enemy ships would display the flags Horatio would bring his telescope to his blind eye and say carry on with the attack, I see no signals.
How blind people see things..
Our memory pays an important part in discrimination between things and colour.Those who were born with sight , then lost it in their stages of life , they are able to see or remember the shape of the things before blindness with their imagination. This person who lost his sight is able to draw a picture of what he is talking with or his surrounding , using his last memory or imagination. For color ,also depends on memory and the age of the blinded person and the power of memory enables him to contact things and situation with the colour he remembers.
But for the things and persons after blindness, he can't recognize them easily , only with a strong imagination from blessing of Allah, where this person is able to draw a picture of what around him . While the person who was born blind , he can't see even in his sleeping, so he depended in his vision on all of his senses and develop them to recognize on what around him.
Blind people in Islam
04/01/2011
Blindness in Islam
Abstract:
The word blindness in Arabic has always been related to creativity. This paper describes how Islam relates to blind people and the changes that occurred when Prophet Muhammed was sent to the Arabian Peninsula, bringing justice and equality for all. The author contends that Islam supports the participation of people with disabilities in society socially, economically, and politically and protects the rights of all people with disabilities, including those who are blind.
Introduction
Islam is the religion and the way of life of about one-fifth of the world’s population. Its people, who are called Muslims, believe that Islam is Allah’s (God’s) final message to humankind, that Muhammad is His last Prophet, and that the Qur'an are His words. The main Muslim belief is that there is only one Allah, unique, incomparable, eternal, absolute and without peer or associate. Other important tenets of Islam are that Allah is the Creator of all that exists, and His will is supreme.
Islam is not an individualistic faith; rather, it is a faith community, or a nation, in which everybody interacts with everybody else and everybody has a place. Therefore, everyone has a responsibility to contribute to the best of their ability (Fahmy, 1998). Islam has called for protecting the rights of people with disabilities, including people who are blind, for more than fourteen centuries (Fahmy, 1998). This call was not limited only to people with disabilities, but also included people with illnesses in general. Today, any person with an illness or disability knows that his or her rights are protected under the name of Islam.
People who are blind are believed to sense beauty through touch, and they can love. Love can be felt and expressed through three ways: vision, mind, and spirit or heart. If we take away the vision part (33%), one-third of the feeling is lost, but the majority of love is still present – sometimes ordinary people do not have that much (The Holy Qura’n). Ibn Alkaim (1998) and Al-Jibaly (2003) both stated that the heart can be blind when people physically see things, but they have no interpretation of what they saw. Also they indicated that the heart can be deaf when people hear sounds, but they cannot distinguish among them.
In the Holy Qura’n, Allah says, “It is no fault in the blind, nor in one born lame, nor in one afflicted with illness, Nor in yourselves, that ye should eat in your own houses, or those of your fathers, or your mothers” (Verse 61, Surah 24). Qutub (1980) and Ibn Katheer (1971) stated that after these verses were revealed to Prophet Muhammed, Muslims started to take the blind, the lame, and the ill who are poor to eat and socialize with them in their own houses. As a result, individuals with disabilities or illnesses would not be isolated from society, but rather would live life as normal as possible.
The major purpose of this paper is to describe how Islam approaches blind people with justice, equality, independence, and full membership in society. Islam opens up doors for the blind, which helps their voices to be heard and helps them to participate socially, economically, and politically in their communities. Hopefully, this paper will also help increase understanding between the two cultures, Arabic and western, in terms of their attitudes toward people with disabilities, and especially among educators who teach blind people. While many attitudes and philosophies towards persons with disabilities are shared by both cultures, some aspects of Islam beliefs may be unknown to western audience.
As the Prophet Muhammed once said, “No one has ever been awarded a bounty better than patience and submission.” As Muslims, if we have been tested by losing our eyesight, Allah will give us something else that substitutes for the inability to see, such as self-sufficiency or self-satisfaction. Therefore, it is not necessary to focus on people’s deficiencies, but we can move on and focus on people’s gifts and talents instead. People who are blind are encouraged to confront their disabilities and to be an active member of society. We believe that if Allah takes away something from us, He will give us other things that are sometimes better.
As stated before, in Islamic societies, after the Prophet Muhammed came to the Arabian Peninsula and until now, blind people have not only overcome their disabilities but they have become a source of knowledge. Most of them became famous scholars by memorizing the Holy Qura’n and interpreting the Sunnah (the life of Prophet Muhammed), because they emphasize the universality of language and religions constructed from the perceptions of five senses and the representative function of language itself as well.
The Islamic religion has instilled in all of its followers the highest principles and the best values and morals. These values and principles guarantee that the blind will be able to succeed not only in their school life with others as normal people, but also in their life in general. The Muslim community is always looking beyond how blind people learn and socialize, to how they can become leaders to lead sighted people as well as themselves.
Prophet Muhammed was the first advocate of people with disabilities when he called for inclusion of all people rich or poor, old or young, literate or illiterate, normal or disabled as part of the community and valued their individualities. As a leader, Prophet Muhammed educated his people about the importance of accepting people with disabilities and addressing their needs. Indeed, he appreciated their gifts, talents, and leadership abilities.
In Islam, people with disabilities, especially those who are blind, become great scholars and leaders. Their leadership roles are always beneficial to their communities, because their societies acknowledge that their contributions have changed lives. However, a leading Muslim judge in Spain in the twelfth century, Ibn Hazam, advocated that disability would not be an impediment to becoming a leader. In fact, the history of Islam is full of people who overcame their disabilities and served their communities competently. A well-known case is the man to whom Prophet Muhammed delegated responsibility in his absence for governing the city of Al-Madinah. This man is Abdullah Ibn Umm Maktum, and he was legally blind.
Muslims are neighbors, colleagues, and fellow citizens of all the world. Understanding Islam and Muslims in different countries cannot be achieved in ignorance, but can be promoted through knowledge and the understanding that grows from that knowledge.
Celebration:
EYE song
WITH ALL COLORS TODAY , WE SING OUR SONG
BLACK , GREY , GREEN , BLUE AND BROWN
THE MODERATE OF SPRING COLORS
WITH THIS PRECIOUS GIFT OF ALLAH ,
I SING MY SONG
MY EYE.............MY LIFE
WITH ITS LIGHT AND BRIGHTNESS , I SEE YOU MY BABY,
DAD, MAM, FRIENDS AND RELATIVES
WITH ITS BRIGHTNESS , I COULD DESCRIBE MY SURROUNDING
THE BEAUTY OF MY LADSCAPE , RIVER , MOUNTAINS
NATURE EMBRACED ME WITHIN YOU
MY WORDS CAN'T EXPRESS YOUR MAJESTY
MY WORDS IS MUCH LESS TO DESCRIBE YOU
ALL WHAT I SAY ..COME ALL OF YOU
TOGETHER , WE SHOULD HAVE FULL
SUBMISSION TO OUR CREATOR
THE ONLY ONE IS HE!
Conclusion