6.3.2.3. Past Participle ( V-ed ) Clauses
6.3.2.3. Past Participle ( V-ed ) Clauses
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Three types of non-finite clauses:
infinitive clauses
to infinitive
bare infinitive
present participle clauses
past participle clauses
1. What is a past participle clause?
1. What is a past participle clause?
A past participle clause is a dependent clause with a past participle verb as its main verb. A past participle verb = V - en.
A past participle clause is a dependent clause with a past participle verb as its main verb. A past participle verb = V - en.
2. When and why is past participle clause used?
2. When and why is past participle clause used?
1). Past participle can function as adverbials
*{When they were awakened by the unusual noise}, the dogs began to bark.
Finite DC: Advl. of time
{Awakened by the unusual noise}, the dogs began to bark.
Past participle/-ed clause: Advl. of time
{The task finished}, we returned home.
Past participle/-ed clause: Advl. of condition
{Seen from this perspective}, the problem presents no easy solution.
Past participle/-ed clause: Advl. of condition
*Note that in a past participle clause, the relationship between the verb ("awakened") and the subject ("the dogs") is passive.
2). Past participle function as PNM
The results {displayed in Tables IV and V} suggest that the treatment group outperformed the control group.
Past participle/-ed clause: PNM
3. What is a restrictive and non-restrictive participle phrase?
3. What is a restrictive and non-restrictive participle phrase?
Similar to relative clauses, a past participle clause can be restrictive or non-restrictive:
a. Restrictive past participle clause:
The lone Romulan warship crippled by photon torpedoes drifted slowly toward the asteroid.
b. Non-restrictive past participle clause:
The lone Romulan warship, crippled by photon torpedoes, drifted slowly toward the asteroid.
4. How to diagram past participle clauses?
4. How to diagram past participle clauses?
PRACTICE:
PRACTICE:
Ex. 12.10, 12.11, 12.12 (pp. 392,393, 394) (optional)
Can you find where the author used past participle clauses?
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