to’xlumnix
(Quinault)
Red Huckleberry
Vaccinium parvifolium
By Joanna
to’xlumnix
(Quinault)
Vaccinium parvifolium
By Joanna
© 2004 Ben Legler- Burke Herbarium.
Red Huckleberry bushes sprout from logs and stumps in wet, shady forests. The deciduous shrub's branches splays out wide.
Its leaves are ovate, glabrous, and a matte green, and grow alternate to each other. Tart red berries are sometimes visible, striking compared to the leaves (Wallace).
© 2018 Susan McDougall - Burke Herbarium.
Red Huckleberries have been used both in the past and currently as fish bait, an appetite stimulant, mouthwash, and teas. Both the Skagit and Quinault tribes make them into tea.
They are also canned, made into jams and jellies, and baked into pies. For preservation, the Gitskan people place large quantities of them in a container of grease. When they are preserved properly they can be eaten through most of the year. Children are not traditionally allowed to eat the berries (Gunther and Janish p. 44-45).
Red Huckleberries flourish and grow berries from late spring to early fall. The bushes are usually browning and small outside of those months.
© 2010 Gerald D. Carr - Burke Herbarium.
to’xlumnix bushes like to grow in moist woods with plentiful shade, usually from nurse logs. They’re native to most of Washington, California, Alaska, and Oregon.
For growing, they enjoy partial shade in moist climates. Gardeners don’t need to plant them because birds spread the seeds quite consistently. They commonly sprout under conifers and in rotted wood, but in the late winter can be easily relocated (Kruckeberg and Chalker-Scott p. 129).
Sources
Works Cited
Gunther, Erna, and Jeanne R. Janish. Ethnobotany of Western Washington: The Knowledge and Use of Indigenous Plants by Native Americans. Rev. ed., Seattle, U of Washington P, 1992.
Legler, Ben. Vaccinium parvifolium. 2004. Burke Herbarium, 2004, www.burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/photo.php?Photo=wtu004298&Taxon=Vaccinium%20parvifolium&SourcePage=photos. Accessed 2 May 2024.
Pojar, Jim, and Andrew MacKinnon. Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Revised ed., Vancouver, Lone Pine, 2004.
Wallace, Gary D. ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY, VACCINIUM BLUEBERRY, HUCKLEBERRY, CRANBERRY, V. parvifolium Sm. RED HUCKLEBERRY Shrub, glabrous to puberulent; rhizome 0. Treatment from the Jepson Manual (1993), Regents of the U of California, 1993, ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment?Vaccinium+parvifolium. Accessed 15 Feb. 2024.
Kruckeberg, Arthur R., and Linda Chalker-Scott. Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 3rd ed., Seattle, U of Washington P, 2019.
Carr, Gerald D. Red Huckleberry. 2010. Burke Herbarium, Burke Museum, 2010, www.burkeherbarium.org/imagecollection/photo.php?Photo=wtu034032&Taxon=Vaccinium%20parvifolium&SourcePage=photos. Accessed 2 May 2024.