Text – oriented approaches

Text - oriented approach is primarily concerned with questions of the “materiality” of texts, including editions of manuscripts, analyses of language and style, and the formal structure of literary works ("Brainly").

• methods used to study and interpret literary texts

George Orwell, in his essay "Politics and the English Language" critically examines the use of language in political discourse, highlighting the ways in which language can be abused to obscure the truth and manipulate public perception. ("Orwell, 252-265"). 

Here's a well-structured video about text-oriented approaches: 

Text - Oriented Approaches

Works Cited: 

"Brainly" explanation by user "yaashitha4108", https://brainly.in/question/42118203

Orwell, George. "Politics and the English Language." Horizon, vol. 13, no. 76, April 1946, pp. 252-265. 

Alifah, "Text oriented approaches." YouTube, 6 Apr 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABsiw_nipiQ

author of the page: Pavel Kolínek