Plot

Definition

Plot is defined in Encyclopaedia Britannica as “a structure of interrelated actions, consciously selected and arranged by the author. Plot involves a considerably higher level of narrative organization than normally occurs in a story or fable" (“Plot”).

In other words, the plot tells us how the story develops. 

There are five main elements of the plot:

1. Exposition - very beginning of the story. Description of characters, main conflict and setting. 

2. Rising action - the moment when the story becomes complicated. The main character is in crisis, and the central conflict becomes clear (Plot: Definition and Examples).

3. Climax - also called crisis or turning point; a crucial element of the traditional plot when the most action and excitement occurs (Klarer 135).

4. Falling action - this stage is characterized by a rapid decline in tension and drama, as we move toward the resolution. One of the last opportunities to tie up any loose ends and conclude any subplots or minor conflicts.

5. Resolution/Denoument - the conclusion of the story’s plot, answering the dramatic question and ending the central conflict of the story. Some authors may add information about the futures of characters. This is the happy (or tragic) ending of the story (Plot: Meaning, types).

Types of plot 

Here are some classic plots which are widely used in literature.

1. Overcoming the Monster

The task of the main character is to defeat an antagonistic force. 

Examples: Harry Potter, Star Wars, Dracula

2. Rags to Riches

The protagonist who was poor at the beginning of the story becomes rich. The main character experiences personal growth. 

Examples: Cinderella, The Count of Monte Christo, Jane Eyre

3. The Quest

Dangerous adventures and traveling are typical of this plot. The main aim is to find some treasure or solve a huge problem. 

Examples: The Iliad, The Lord of the Rings, and Eragon 

4. Voyage and Return

The protagonist takes a journey to a strange or unknown place, is confronted with  danger and adventures, learns important lessons and returns home with experience.

Examples: Alice in Wonderland, The Chronicles of Narnia, and The Wizard of Oz

5. Comedy

The most typical feature is a happy and fun character who finds a happy ending after triumphing over difficulties and adversities.

Examples: A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Bridget Jones's Diary, Home Alone

6. Tragedy

The protagonist experiences a conflict which leads to very bad ending, typically death.

Examples: Anna Karenina, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet 

7. Rebirth 

The transformation of the villain into a better person.

Examples: The Secret Garden, A Christmas Carol, The Grinch (Plot: Definition and Examples).

Works cited:

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "plot". Encyclopedia Britannica, 25 Jul. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/art/plot. Accessed 15 September 2023.

Klarer, Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies. Routledge, 2004.

“Plot: Definition and Examples.” Literary Terms, 1 Oct. 2017, literaryterms.net/plot/. 

“Plot. Meaning, types.” StudySmarter UK, www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/english-literature/literary-elements/plot/. Accessed 15 Sept. 2023. 

“Story Elements - Plot - Main Events - Literacy Short Clips.” YouTube, YouTube, 7 Mar. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=EBjt2qhl7es. 

author of the page:  Adriana Bartošová