The architecture
The dome
The dome is nearly 35 metres high and because of its shape is often called an onion dome. The top is decorated with a lotus design which also serves to accentuate its height. The shape of the dome is emphasised by four smaller domed kiosks placed at its corners, which replicate the onion shape of the main dome.
The tomb
The tomb of Shah Jahan (emperor of the Mogul Empire) and Mumtaz Mahal (his wife) is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal. It is a large, white marble structure standing on a square plinth and consists of a symmetrical building with an iwan (an arch-shaped doorway) topped by a large dome. The base structure is a large multi-chambered cube with chamfered corners forming an unequal eight-sided structure that is approximately 55 metres on each of the four long sides.
The garden
The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four-quarters of the garden into 16 sunken parterres or flowerbeds. Halfway between the tomb and gateway in the centre of the garden is a raised marble water tank with a reflecting pool to reflect the image of the mausoleum. Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees and fountains.
Gateway
The main gateway (darwaza) is a monumental structure built primarily of marble, and reminiscent of the Mughal architecture of earlier emperors. Its archways mirror the shape of the tomb's archways, and its pishtaq arches incorporate the calligraphy that decorates the tomb. The vaulted ceilings and walls have elaborate geometric designs like those found in the other sandstone buildings in the complex.
The minarets
The minarets, which are each more than 40 metres tall, display the designer's penchant for symmetry. Each minaret is effectively divided into three equal parts by two working balconies that ring the tower. At the top of the tower is a final balcony surmounted by a kiosk that mirrors the design of those on the tomb. The kiosks all share the same decorative elements of a lotus design topped by a gilded finial.