The relative pronoun refers to another word in the sentence. The word referred to is called the antecedent. It matches the gender and number of the antecedent. It takes its own case however within the relative clause.
Coquus, qui in culina laborat, est laetus.
The cook, who works in the kitchen, is happy.
Sella, quam servi portaverant, est pulcherrima.
The chair, which the slaves were carrying, is very pretty.
Pictura, quam vidis, est me.
The picture, which you see, is of me.
Words like I, you, we, and us. It identifies the subject of the sentence outside of the verb ending. They aren’t necessary, but are helpful sometimes.
Ego te cum me volo ambulare.
I want you to walk with me.
Nos navigavimus trans marem ad Troiam.
We sailed across the sea to Troy.
“Cogitavi tu amavit me!”
I thought you loved me!
Used to point out something in the sentence. Demonstratives have forms in all numbers, cases, and genders. This particular type of pronoun translates to this or these.
Habito in haec villa.
I live in this house.
Hae stolae sunt non pulchrae.
These dresses are not pretty.
Quis est hic vir?
Who is this man?
Used to point out something in the sentence. Demonstratives have forms in all numbers, cases, and genders. This particular type of pronoun translates to that or those.
Ille ambulabat.
That man was walking.
Illa villa est maxima.
That house is very big.
Cur emisiti illos gladios?
Why did you buy those swords?
Used to point out something in the sentence. Demonstratives have forms in all numbers, cases, and genders. This particular type of pronoun translates to that (of yours) or those (of yours).
Liber iste sonorissimus.
That child of yours is very loud.
Quintus, cur tu portas istam fibulam?
Quintus, why are you carrying that brooch of yours?
Voce iste virtus in bello.
“Summon that courage of yours in war.”
Used to point out something in the sentence. Demonstratives have forms in all numbers, cases, and genders. This is commonly used in Latin as the third-person personal pronoun.
Pompea vidit eum in horto.
Pompea saw him in the garden.
Ea portavit vinum me.
She carried the wine to me.
Puella ambulat canem eius cotidie.
The girl walks her dog everyday.