油柑 | Indian Gooseberry
學名:Phyllanthus emblica L.
科別:葉下珠科Phyllanthaceae
原產地:臺灣、印度、斯里蘭卡、孟加拉國、柬埔寨、寮國、緬甸、馬來西亞、泰國、越南、巴基斯坦、中國中、印尼
種植區:玄奘大師區、祇園
植物特性:
落葉喬木,初生時嫩枝葉被毛。葉互生,類似羽狀複葉,葉片線狀矩圓形,長2-2.5公分,葉面濃綠色,背面淡綠色。花叢生於小枝葉腋,單性同株,雄花多數,具細長之花梗,花淡黃色;雌花短梗或幾無梗,雌雄花瓣均6枚。果實肉質,球形,稍呈6稜狀,初為黃色,熟時呈赤紅色,內含種子6粒。
花期:4月-5月 果期:11月- 1月
資料來源:http://kplant.biodiv.tw/%E6%B2%B9%E6%9F%91/%E6%B2%B9%E6%9F%91.htm
經文:
■《大唐西域記》:「風壤既別,地利亦殊。花草果木,雜種異名。所謂菴沒羅果、菴弭羅果、末杜迦果、跋達羅果、劫比他果、阿末羅果、鎮杜迦果、烏曇跋羅果、茂遮果、那利羅果、般娑果。凡厥此類難以備載,見珍人世者,略舉言焉。」
■《玄應音義》︰「阿末羅,舊言菴磨羅果,亦作阿摩勒果。其葉似小棗,花亦白小,果如胡桃,其味酸而且甜,可入藥分,經中言如觀掌中者也。」
【文化瑣談】 菴摩羅和餘甘子
https://www.merit-times.com/NewsPage.aspx?unid=644995
“As the climate and soil vary in different places, the natural products also differ in various districts. There are diverse descriptions of flowers, herbs, fruit, and trees with different names, such as…… āmalaka (myrobalan), tinduka (Diospyros)......It is difficult to give a full list of such fruit [trees], and here I just mention a few of them that are valued by the people. ”
–The Great T'ang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions