Shortcuts for Creating In-text Citations and Reference Lists
Tip: This page is the shortcut to learning how to create in-text citations and reference lists using the SHHS modified version of APA 7th referencing for assessment tasks. If you want to read more in-depth explanations we highly recommend that you start by reading the introduction to Referencing page, then read the Creating In-Text Citations, and then the Creating a Reference List page.
Three Things You Need to Know Right Now
At SHHS the style of referencing we use is a simplified version of APA 7th. This 'style guide' describes what information you need to include in your reference, and how to organise it.
An in-text citation is a way of acknowledging when you have quoted someone or incorporated their ideas in your writing (paraphrasing).
A reference is a formal way of identifying exactly where your in-text citations have come from. A reference is listed at the end of your essay or assignment in a reference list.
What Do In-text Citations and References Look Like?
Here are examples:
Downloadable Worksheets for Creating In-text Citations & Reference Lists
"In-Text Citations" + "Referencing for Years 7-9": click here for PDF, or click here for DOC
"In-Text Citations" + "Referencing for Years 10-12": click here for PDF, or click here for DOC
Video Tutorials
(These videos are best watched on a laptop or desktop computer)
For teachers: to directly add this video to Google Classroom or Moodle, copy the following link:: https://players.brightcove.net/6111145458001/default_default/index.html?videoId=6316383634112
Tip 1: For more help with creating in-text citations, go to the Creating In-Text Citations page.
Tip 2: Fundamental to successful paraphrasing of ideas is an understanding of what is effective paraphrasing; if you would like support in teaching this skill to students there is a supporting "How to Paraphrase" video on the Creating In-Text Citations page.
For teachers: to directly add this video to Google Classroom or Moodle, copy the following link: https://bcove.video/3SLykz0
Tip: For more help with creating reference lists, go to the Creating a Reference List page.
Cite, Reference & Declare the Use of ChatGPT and Other Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Caution: Always talk to your teacher before using generative AI for any learning tasks, including anything from homework to assessment tasks -always seek permission first. Unless you have been directly instructed to use generative AI or any similar technologies, it is safe to assume that you are not allowed to use generative AI.
What Types of AI Programs and AI-Generated Information Do You Need to Declare?
AI programs refer to programs, tools, apps, and websites such as:
text generators including ChatGPT, Google Bard, Bing Chat, CoPilot etc.,
paraphrasing tools that rewrite your text, or other people's text for you, eg. Quillbot etc.,
image generators such as MidJourney etc.
or any other AI technology that creates text, ideas, or images, including tools that rephrase/rewrite your own writing.
Introduction: What are the Three Steps in Referencing Generative AI Use?
In-text Citation > Reference List > Declaration of AI Use
In the text of your assessment, include an in-text citation whenever you do any of the following: directly quote AI-generated words or images, or paraphrase AI-generated ideas.
If you include any in-text citations, you need to write a reference in your reference list.
For each AI program, tool, or website that you utilise, you need to include a declaration as described below; this appears in an appendix after your reference list.
This process aims to make clear where, what to how much you have used AI in your assessment task.
Unpacking the Three Steps to Referencing AI Use
In-text Citation for AI. For an in-text citation, treat the AI tool the same as a corporate author, including the name of the AI tool and the year (Corporate Name, Year). Include an in-text citation when you either paraphrase or quote directly from any AI source. Citing a paraphrased idea would look like this:
As well as the loss and fragmentation of habitat, urbanisation in the Gold Coast hinterland brings risk to Koalas including domestic pet attacks and collisions with cars (ChatGPT, 2023)
A direct quote would look like this:
Urbanisation in the Gold Coast hinterland has had an effect on Koala populations, an example of this is "The influx of humans and increased infrastructure development bring with them additional risks, such as road collisions and domestic pet attacks" (ChatGPT, 2023).
Referencing for AI Use. If you have created an in-text citation where you have directly quoted, or paraphrased ideas generated by an AI program, you need to create a reference in your reference list. From the SHHS Referencing Templates, use the format category for a 'website' (7-9) or 'webpage on a website' (10-12), and use the AI company name in place of the author:
Company Name, (2023). Page Title. Website or App Title. Date retrieved. URL.
Example:
OpenAI, (2023). ChatGPT. Retrieved May 30, 2023, from https://chat.openai.com/chat
How to Write a Declaration of AI Use
Copy and paste the Declaration of AI Use text into your assessment task; delete any parts that are not relevant, and create a separate declaration for each AI tool, platform, or website that you have used:
Declaration of AI Use (Copy, Paste & Edit)
I acknowledge the use of (insert AI tool name and URL) in the preparation and/or writing of my assignment. I have used (insert AI tool name) to assist with: (delete items from the following list that do not apply):
Research: I generated an overview of my topic to assist with the research process.
Idea generation: I generated suggestions on possible topics or angles to explore within my assignment.
Clarifying: I generated explanations/examples to help me understand confusing or complex topics.
Structure and organisation: I generated an assignment plan.
Writing: I generated text which I adapted in my assignment. I have indicated through in-text citations where text has been quoted or paraphrased.
Other: Please provide a description of how you have used the tool.
The following prompts were input into (insert AI tool name):
Prompt one:
AI text passage or image:
Prompt two:
AI text passage or image: etc.
Example of a Declaration of AI Use:
I acknowledge the use of OpenAI ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com/chat) in the preparation and/or writing of my assignment. I have used ChatGPT to assist with:
Clarifying: I generated explanations/examples to help me understand confusing or complex topics.
Writing: I generated text which I adapted in my assignment. I have indicated through in-text citations where text has been quoted or paraphrased.
The following prompts were input into ChatGPT:
Prompt one: "Describe the effect of urbanisation on Koala populations in the Gold Coast hinterland"
AI text passage or image: "Fragmentation also makes Koalas more vulnerable to predation, as they must navigate through unfamiliar landscapes and encounter increased interactions with domestic animals and vehicles. Urbanization also introduces various threats to Koala populations. The influx of humans and increased infrastructure development bring with them additional risks, such as road collisions and domestic pet attacks. Koalas are slow-moving animals with limited adaptation to urban environments, making them particularly susceptible to these dangers. The stress caused by urban noise, pollution, and human disturbance further compounds the challenges faced by Koalas in urbanized areas."
Note: the Declaration of AI Use section is in part copied, and in part adapted from Curtin University. Their original version and this adapted version are copyright protected by Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence. Any copying or adapting of the Declaration should be attributed as created by Curtin University Library (https://uniskills.library.curtin.edu.au/referencing/apa7/other/) and remain as CC 4.0.