Midterm 2024

 AREKHA MIDDLE SECONDARY SCHOOL

CHHUKHA DZONGKHAG

MID-TERM EXAMINATION

Class: X                                                                                          

Full Mark: 100

Subject: History                                                                                

Pass Mark:  40

Date:

Writing Time:

Section A

Question 1                                                                                                                          [10]

1.      The role of the Chhoetse Penlop (Crown Prince Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck) during the public consultations was that

a.   he led the drafting committee and wrote the final draft

b.      he met with people from 13 Dzongkhags to ensure their participation and gather recommendations

c.   he acted as the spokesperson for the constitutional process in international forums

d.      he supervised the media dissemination of the draft Constitution

2.      The significant governmental change that took place in 1998 under His Majesty's leadership was

a.   introduction of a new education policy

b.  establishment of a national constitution

c.   initiation of the Bhutanese military

d.  formation of a new cabinet with full executive power

3.      Which organization did Her Majesty Gyalyum Tshering Yangdon Wangchuck support that focuses on empowering nuns and women through skill-building and education near Thimphu?

a.   Jachung Karmo Society

b.  Khamsum Yuelly Namgyel Choeten

c.   Bhutan Nuns Foundation

d.  Training and Resource Centre

4.      According to the kathrim, which of the following was not a responsibility of the Desi?

a.   Ensuring public contentment through fair justice

b.      Guaranteeing peace and security within the nation

c.       Collecting taxes and enforcing labour contributions

d.      Supporting the monastic body, emphasizing religious stability

5        Ugyen Wangchuck balanced his sympathies with Tibet while interacting with the British by  

a.       sending a representative instead of attending meetings himself

b.      openly supporting Tibet against the British

c.       refusing to engage with the British entirely

d.  joining the British expedition but secretly aided the Tibetans

6.      A historian would probably see Jigme Namgyal's actions of humiliating the British mission and leading the counterattack at Dewathang as him

a.       as a courageous figure who resisted British dominance

b.      as a peaceful leader who tried to avoid conflict with the British

c.       as a weak ruler who was unable to prevent Bhutan's defeat

d.  as a reckless leader whose actions led to unnecessary war

7.      The Principles of State Policy advocate for free education and economic self-reliance. How do these principles work together to achieve Bhutan's goals?

a.       Free education solely benefits individuals, not economic development

b.      An educated population contributes to a skilled workforce for economic growth

c.       Economic self-reliance necessitates limiting access to free education

d.  These principles inherently contradict each other and create conflict

8.      A Modern historian would likely DISAGREE with which of the following statements about the Roman Empire?

a.       The Roman Empire achieved great success through military might and political strategy.

b.      The Roman emperors played a significant role in shaping the empire's destiny.

c.   God ultimately guided the rise and fall of the Roman Empire.

d.      Rome's legacy continues to influence societies today.

9.      A key difference between the approaches of medieval historians and modern historians is

a.   medieval historians focused on military history, while modern historians focused on social history.

b.  medieval historians used religious texts as primary sources, while modern historians use a wider variety of sources.

c.   medieval historians glorified kings and emperors, while modern historians focused on the common people.

d.      medieval history ended with the fall of Rome, while modern history began with the Renaissance.

10.  As a result of Bhutan's involvement in the Cooch Behar succession dispute in 1772, Bhutan:

a.       led to the capture and imprisonment of Raja Dhirandra Narayan and Diwan Dev

b.      successfully installed their chosen ruler, Raja Dhirandra Narayan, without any further conflicts

c.       the East India Company immediately signed a treaty with Bhutan after the conflict

d.      maintained full control over Cooch Behar with no British intervention

c) Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word.                                                    [5]

1. The sacred ________________ consisting of five colours representing elements, symbolized His Majesty's connection to Bhutan's spiritual heritage.

2. His Majesty's preference for __________ solutions was evident in his efforts to resolve the security threat posed by the militants.

3. The Election Commission was established in December 2005 to prepare for Bhutan's first parliamentary democracy, conducting activities such as educating citizens on voting procedures and holding mock __________.

4. During Jigme Singye's time as Desi, Bhutan maintained a neutral stance in the war between __________ and Nepal.

5. Before the advent of planned modern development, the people of Bhutan relied on __________ to get things done and support one another.

Answers

1. Dhar Kha Nga

2. Peaceful/diplomatic

3. Elections

4. Sikkim

5. self-help mechanisms

d) Write TRUE or FALSE for each of the following statements.                                     [10]

1. His Majesty Druk Gyalpo Jigme Singye Wangchuck believed in involving people in the country's development and emphasised that the government alone should be responsible for progress.

2. The National Rehabilitation Program (NRP) was initiated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to provide monthly support to those who lost jobs and assist with loan payments.

3. The Royal Highlander Festival aims to promote sustainable livelihoods for highlanders and is important for maintaining the security and stability of Bhutan's northern borders.

4. The main focus of the Natural Resources Development Corporation Limited (NRDCL) is to generate profits by selling building materials like sand, stone, and timber at market rates.

5. The Kathrim was written down in 1729 by Tenzin Choegyal, the tenth Je Khenpo, and it brought order into the system by protecting people from exploitation and minimizing corruption.

6. Captain Samuel Turner ceded Ambari Falakata and Jalpaiguri districts to the British, during the Indo-Bhutan Conflict of 1783.

7. Bhutan's admission to the United Nations in 1971 marked a significant milestone in its status as a sovereign state, demonstrating its recognition and acceptance on the global stage.

8. According to Article 4, every Bhutanese citizen must contribute to the protection of the natural environment and conservation of biodiversity.

9. Monastic annals and chronicles were based on scientific investigation and critical analysis of historical events.

10. Greek and Roman beliefs emphasized human control over destiny, while Christians attributed historical events to divine providence.

Answers

                                                  i.            False

                                                ii.            False

                                              iii.            True

                                              iv.            False

                                                v.            True

                                              vi.            True

                                            vii.            True

                                          viii.            False

                                              ix.            False

                                                x.            True

E)                                                                                                                                        [10]

1. What were the main ways Druk Gyalpo Jigme Singye Wangchuck decentralized power, and how did these changes benefit local communities?                                      [2]

●       He established District Development Committees (DDCs) and Block Development Committees (BDCs) to give local leaders more decision-making authority.

●       These changes benefited local communities by ensuring that development initiatives were aligned with their needs and priorities, leading to more effective and sustainable outcomes.

2. Why was the abdication of the throne by His Majesty the fourth Druk Gyalpo in 2006 significant for Bhutan's transition to constitutional monarchy?                                                      [2]

●          It marked the beginning of a historic journey towards constitutional monarchy by transferring power from the monarch to elected representatives.

●          This transition laid the groundwork for democratic governance in Bhutan and prepared for the introduction of parliamentary democracy under the new Constitution.

3. How did the establishment of the Bhutan National Legal Institute (BNLI) contribute to the consolidation of democracy, and what are its main goals?

●       BNLI was created to strengthen the legal system and promote Bhutanese culture, ensuring a fair and just society.

●       Its goals include teaching law, conducting research, and preserving Bhutanese traditions, ultimately aiming for a happy, peaceful, and strong Bhutan.

4. What were the two highest-ranking positions besides the Dzongpoens in the regional administration, and what were their responsibilities?                                                     [2]

●       Dronyer (Chief of Protocol): The Dronyer served as both Chief of Protocol and Chief Justice. 

●       Kalyoen (Executive Minister): The Kalyoen's responsibility was to pass the orders of the Zhabdrung to other officers. [Essentially acting as an intermediary between the Zhabdrung and the administration]

5. Why do you think the Desuung Skilling Programme of Druk Gyalpo Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck is becoming popular? State TWO reasons.                         [2]

●       Jobs & Opportunity: The program equips DeSuups with valuable skills to find good jobs.

●       Empowerment: It offers personal growth and a chance to contribute more.

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL THE QUESTION

Question 2

a)      Medieval history is criticized for profoundly relying on divine intervention. Bhutanese history contains the work of Guru Padmasambhava, Tertoen Pema Lingpa, and Zhabdrung which contain superstition and divination. As a Bhutanese historian, defend that these are legitimate and can be considered history.                                                                    [5]

●       Cultural Importance: Bhutanese history includes things like special rituals and beliefs, which are very important to the culture. They show what people believed in the past.

●       Influential Figures: People like Guru Padmasambhava and Zhabdrung were important because they taught and led others. They had a big impact on how things happened in Bhutan long ago.

●       Recorded History: Even though some of these beliefs seem strange to us now, they are written down in old books and stories, so they're a part of history.

●       Preserving Tradition: Understanding and respecting these traditions helps us appreciate how Bhutanese people have lived for a long time, keeping their culture alive.

b)  Describe the significant changes in Bhutan's governance structure that took place in 1998 and 2001, and explain their importance in the country's transition towards a constitutional monarchy.                                                                                                           [5]

·         In 1998, significant changes in Bhutan's governance structure included:

·         The dissolution of the old cabinet and the formation of a new one, to which His Majesty transferred full executive power.

·         His Majesty retained the role of head of state, but not head of government, marking a shift towards more democratic governance.

·         In 2001, His Majesty commanded the drafting of a Constitution, which was crucial for:

·         Preparing for the ascension of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.

·         Introducing parliamentary democracy, paving the way for Bhutan's transition to a constitutional monarchy. These changes were important as they laid the foundation for a more democratic and participatory governance structure, ensuring greater political stability and citizen involvement in the country's development.

Question 3

a)  How did the establishment of the National Resilience Fund (NRF) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic reflect the King's approach to crisis management and support for his people? Support your claim with THREE points.                                                [3]

·         The establishment of the National Resilience Fund (NRF) in April 2020 reflected the King's proactive and compassionate approach to crisis management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

·         The NRF provided monthly support to those who lost jobs and helped with loan payments, showcasing the King's dedication to assisting his people during a critical time.

·         The sole funding of the NRF by the King's Kidu Fund further demonstrated his commitment and desire to avoid disrupting the country's finances while ensuring comprehensive support for those affected by the pandemic.

b)  Discuss three roles of the Bhutan Media Foundation, established by His Majesty, in supporting democracy in Bhutan. Elucidate THREE roles                                         [3]

·         The Bhutan Media Foundation, established by His Majesty on February 21, 2010, plays a crucial role in supporting democracy by strengthening the media sector in Bhutan.

·         Recognizing media as the fourth branch of government, the Foundation aims to ensure responsible and robust media that can effectively oversee and report on government and organizational activities.

·         The Foundation provides support and training to Bhutanese media outlets, helping them grow and improve their capabilities. This initiative reflects His Majesty's vision for a media landscape that contributes to the country's social, economic, and political development, thereby enhancing democratic governance.

c)  Why does His Majesty emphasize the empowerment of youth as a national priority, and how does the Gyalsung program align with this vision? Explain with THREE reasons                                                                                                                                 [3]

·         His Majesty emphasizes the empowerment of youth as a national priority because the future success and stability of Bhutan depend on the strength, capability, and integrity of its young people.

·         By equipping them with the necessary skills and education, the Gyalsung program aligns with this vision by ensuring that every young person in Bhutan has the opportunity to develop into a capable and responsible citizen.

·         The program aims to empower youth by providing them with direction, opportunities, and the ability to think independently and contribute meaningfully to the nation's growth and development.

d) Highlight the significance of the birth of His Royal Highness Gyalsay Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck                                                                                                            [1]

·         First child of His Majesty the King and Her Majesty the Gyaltsuen.

·         Heir to the Throne, destined to become the Sixth Druk Gyalpo.

Question 4

a)  In what ways did the Kathrim laws establish and maintain a relationship between the monastic community and the people, and how does this relationship continue to shape Bhutanese culture and governance today? Give FOUR reasons.                           [4]

·         The Kathrim laws helped build a close bond between Bhutan's monks and its people. These laws made clear what each group should do.

·         The monks prayed and performed rituals for the people's spiritual well-being, while the people supported the monasteries with food and other things they needed. This partnership made people feel more connected to their religion and each other.

·         Today, this bond still affects Bhutan in many ways. People deeply respect the monks, and their influence can be seen in traditions, celebrations, and daily life. Monasteries also help with community projects, education, and teaching about spirituality. This partnership reminds us how important it is to work together and care for each other to make Bhutan a happy and successful place.

b)      Bhutanese should be indebted to Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel for the creation of the Choesid system. Justify the statement with THREE reasons.                      [3]

·         Political Unity: Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel's Choesid system centralized governance, uniting Bhutan politically. This structure ensured effective administration and stability across the realm.

·         Religious Harmony: The Choesid system integrated religious institutions into governance, fostering cooperation between the secular and religious spheres. This promoted cultural cohesion and spiritual unity among the Bhutanese people.

·         Cultural Preservation: Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel's system preserved Bhutanese cultural identity by safeguarding traditions and values. The Choesid system became a symbol of sovereignty, ensuring the preservation of Bhutan's heritage.

c)  How the Bhutanese constitution (Tsathrim chenmo) is deeply rooted in the Kathrim codified by Zhabdrung? Validate with THREE reasons.                                             [3]

·         Legal Basis: The Kathrim laws laid down the basic legal principles for governance in Bhutan. These principles, such as fairness and accountability, are also present in the Bhutanese constitution, forming its legal foundation.

·         Democracy: The Kathrim laws introduced ideas of fair governance, similar to modern democratic principles. The Bhutanese constitution reflects these values, ensuring equality, justice, and protection of citizens' rights.

·         Cultural Heritage: Zhabdrung's laws were influenced by Bhutanese traditions. Similarly, the Bhutanese constitution respects Bhutan's cultural identity, maintaining a link to the Kathrim's emphasis on cultural preservation.

Question 5

a)      If you were a historian living in medieval times, how could you improve the way history is written to avoid criticism from historians today? Write THREE      methods you would implement.                                                                                                             [3]

Using Various Sources:

·         Gather information from different places, like stories, official papers, and personal tales, to show a fuller picture of history.

·         Make sure everyone's stories are heard, not just a few, to paint a more accurate picture of the past.

·         Double-check facts and be careful of any biases in the stories.

Using Real Evidence:

·         Look at real things from the past, like old objects and papers, to prove what happened.

·         Follow strict rules for researching, like looking at things closely and organizing information, to make sure it's accurate.

·         Use new tools and ways of looking at things to understand history better.

Being Honest and Open:

·         Always say where information comes from and how it was found, so everyone knows it's trustworthy.

·         Admit if there might be mistakes or if not everyone's story is told, to be fair and honest.

·         Talk to others about history to get different ideas and make sure everything is understood well.

b)  What positive aspects can be found in medieval historical writing when viewed from different perspectives? Justify your answer with three points.                      [3]

Cultural Preservation:

·         Medieval writing preserved cultural and religious traditions, ensuring their continuity over time.

Community Unity:

·         It fostered community unity by highlighting shared historical experiences and strengthening social bonds.

Moral Guidance:

·         Medieval historians imparted moral lessons through historical events, guiding readers on virtuous behaviour.

c)  What actions would you suggest to promote the principles outlined in Article 4 of the Bhutanese constitution? Provide a list of THREE initiatives.                        [3]

As a middle school student, here are three things I can do to promote the principles of Article 4:

1.  School Talks:

I can give talks in school about Article 4, explaining its importance in simple terms to my classmates.

2.  Cultural Events:

Organize cultural days at school to celebrate Bhutanese traditions and heritage.

3.  Community Clean-ups:

Lead community clean-up drives to show our commitment to democracy and harmony.

d)     Mention one difference between medieval and modern methods of historical writing.                                                                                                                                    [1]

·         Medieval: Historians in the Middle Ages focused on religious and theological explanations of history, aiming to show God's plan and reinforce faith.

·         Modern: Today's historians focus on objective analysis, using evidence to understand the past without religious bias.

Question 6

a)  In what ways could Bhutanese communities revive traditional self-help practices while embracing modern development? Expound THREE ways.                                       [3]

·         Community Projects: People in Bhutan can work together on local projects like cleaning up public areas or planting trees to improve their surroundings.

·         Sharing Knowledge: Older people can teach younger ones traditional skills, like weaving or farming, so these traditions don't disappear.

·         Modernizing Tradition: Bhutanese communities can update old practices, like using eco-friendly methods in farming, to fit with today's needs while still respecting their heritage.

b)  Mention FOUR differences between government and state.                                [4]

1.        Government is only one element of the state

A state is made up of a population, a territory, a government, and sovereignty. So, the government is only one part of the state. Without the state, the government cannot exist. 

2.        The state is permanent, government is temporary

The government comes and goes but the state remains as long as sovereignty is preserved. The state lends continuity to a country. In Bhutan, the state continuously exists under the Druk Gyalpo while the elected government changes every five years.

3.        Government works on behalf of the state

The government is an agent of the state and exercises power and authority on behalf of the state. The government translates the will of the state into policies and laws and implements them. The state has a larger mandate than the government.

4.        The whole population makes the state, and only a few forms of the government

The whole population makes the state but only a few elected representatives from the government. Therefore, the state is a much larger entity than the government.

5.        Sovereignty belongs to the state, not the government

Sovereignty means having the highest power in the country. It belongs to the state, which means it belongs to everyone in the country. The government can only use power within the limits set by the state.

c)      How do the Principles of State Policy in Bhutan contribute to Gross National Happiness (GNH) and societal well-being? List three ways these principles promote GNH. [3]

The Principles of State Policy in Bhutan contribute to Gross National Happiness (GNH) and societal well-being by:

·         Cultural Preservation and Promotion: They prioritize preserving Bhutan's cultural heritage, fostering a sense of identity and belonging among citizens.

·         Environmental Conservation: The principles emphasize environmental protection, ensuring the preservation of natural resources and ecological balance, which enhances citizens' physical well-being and quality of life.

·         Equitable Socio-Economic Development: They advocate for reducing disparities and promoting social justice, leading to a more inclusive society and addressing the material needs of all citizens, thereby contributing to their overall happiness and GNH.

Question 7

a)  What could you learn from Bhutan’s historical interactions with other nations during the Ashley Eden Mission and the Great Duar War? Mention TWO lessons learned.   [2]

·         Bhutan can learn to be diplomatic. Rejecting proposals led to war. It's important to communicate respectfully.

·         The war shows the cost of fighting. Bhutan lost territory and suffered heavy losses. It's crucial to make smart decisions to avoid war.

b)      What do you think were the reasons behind Ugyen Wangchuck's decision to mediate between Britain and Tibet? List TWO reasons.                                                       [2]

·         Cultural and historical ties: Ugyen Wangchuck likely felt a sense of kinship with Tibet due to shared cultural and historical connections, motivating him to act as a mediator.

·         Preservation of regional stability: Ugyen Wangchuck may have seen mediation as a way to prevent further conflict and maintain peace in the region, which would benefit Bhutan and its neighbours.

c)  What was the key factor leading to the Anglo-Bhutanese war of 1773, and how did it end?                                                                                                                          [2]

·         The war started because Bhutan got involved in problems in Cooch Behar and fought the British.

·         Bhutan lost, and they had to sign a peace treaty with the British in 1774 to end the war.

d)     Explain any TWO significances of the victory of the Bhutanese military over the Insurgents.                                                                                                                 [2]

·         Unlike most modern leaders who stay away from the battlefield, His Majesty personally led the charge alongside his soldiers.

·         Despite facing such formidable adversaries, the Bhutanese soldiers drew inspiration from His Majesty and fought with enthusiasm and sacrifice, ultimately achieving victory.                                                  

e)      What are two reasons that define you as a Bhutanese? Explain each reason.        [2]