IV

1. Evaluate the Chösi (Choesid) system established by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel and its impact on governance in Bhutan. 

(In this question, you are expected to explain what the Chösi system was, how it combined both religion (chö) and politics (sid), and why Zhabdrung introduced it. Then, evaluate its impact on governance by discussing its strengths, such as uniting Bhutan under one system—and weaknesses—such as power struggles. You must give a balanced judgment on its effectiveness in shaping Bhutan’s governance.)

2. Assess the significance of the first law codified by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel. To what extent is this law still relevant in contemporary Bhutanese society?

(Here, you need to describe the first law introduced by Zhabdrung—mainly focusing on its emphasis on promoting justice, preventing crimes, and ensuring harmony. Assess why it was significant for establishing order and rule of law in Bhutan at that time. Then, analyze how this law is still relevant today by linking it to Bhutan’s current legal system, values of peace, equality, and Gross National Happiness. You should explain both continuity and changes.)

3. Analyze the concept of national identity and examine why Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel created a unique national identity for Bhutan.

(In this question, you should define what “national identity” means in the Bhutanese context, common language, dress, religion, and culture. Then analyze how Zhabdrung created Bhutan’s unique identity to unify diverse regions and protect Bhutan from external threats, especially Tibetan invasions. Finally, reflect on why his creation of a unique identity was crucial for Bhutan’s survival and how it continues to influence Bhutanese identity today.)