Introduction 

🌍 Understanding Civilisation 

🧠 What is Civilisation?

• Civilisation means a highly developed human society.

• It includes growth in culture, science, industry, and government.

• Civilisation shows how humans have improved their way of life over time.
  
  

🦴 How Did It All Begin?

• Human civilisation started around 3000–800 BCE.

• Long ago, humans evolved from apes.

• Early humans were different from us:

  • They had smaller brains.

  • Their bodies were bent forward and covered in thick hair.

  • They growled instead of speaking clearly.

  • They had no proper clothes or homes.

  • They ate raw meat and wild fruits to survive.
    
    

🌾 The Big Change – Farming!

• Around 10,000 BCE, early humans learned how to:

  • Grow crops

  • Domesticate animals (like cows, goats, sheep)
    
    

• This meant they didn’t have to move around looking for food.

• They began to settle in one place, forming villages.

• Villages grew into towns and later into cities.
  
  

📌 Fun Fact Example: In Bhutan, ancient settlements like those in Bumthang show how people lived in one place for farming and slowly developed organised communities.