February 16

Outline - February 16

National Population Problems and Policies

I.   Goals of Population Policies 

• Anti-natalist (reduce growth  rates)

                (voluntary versus coercive)

• Gender Balance

• Pro-Natalist  (stimulate growth)

• Growth neutral

II.  Strategies for Reducing Population Growth Rates 

• Direct approach   (family planning, contraceptives, abortion, etc)

  • Voluntary (practiced in numerous countries---increasing availability of contraceptives)

  •                 UN Population Division - Contraceptive Use 

  •  

  • Coercive (India in mid-1970s; China since 1980 --  limits on # of children---sanctions for additional ones)

    •     

                                        Asia Map

• Indirect approach  (raising living standards, increased opportunities for women in education and employment

  •   

  • Kerala (southeast India) has achieved low population growth rate by improving educational and employment opportunities for women, even though it is one of the poorest regions of India.

III.   Case Studies 

                         Population Pryamids

             Yemen     (map)

             Iran

            China   (map)

            India    (map)     (Asia)

            Spain 

            Japan 

            Russia   

            United States        (Negative Population Growth, Trends)     (North Carolina Trends)   (Montana Trends)