Population Lecture

Direct approach (family planning, contraceptives, abortion, etc)
- Voluntary (practiced in numerous countries---increasing availability of contraceptives)

Coercive (India in mid-1970s; China since 1980 --- one child policy)
Indirect approach (raising living standards, increased opportunities for women in education and employment
- - Kerala (southeast India) has achieved low population growth rate by improving educational and employment opportunities for women, even though it is one of the poorest regions of India.

United Nations Population Conferences

Prominent issues at the Cairo Conference

-gender equity, impowerment of women

-family, its rules, composition, and structure

-population growth and structure

-reproductive rights, including sexual and reproductive health and mortality

-population distribution, urbanization and internal migration

-international migration and refugees