Ch. 8 - Terrorism
Fundamentalism in Iran (pp. 986-987)
1. Shah Reza Pahlavi-
-American supported leader of Iran
-corrupt and overspent government funds on personal
items
-became symbol of western influence in Mideast
-overthrown by religious fanatics
-died in exile in the United States
2. Ayatollah Khomeini-
-religious leader of Iran
-took over control of Iran
-turned the nation into a fundamental religious state
3. American Hostages-
-52 U.S. embassy workers were taken captive by
Iranian religious fundamentalists
-held 444 days
-rescue attempt failed
-released on the day Pres. Reagan took office
4. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries-
-OPEC
-realized they could better control world oil prices together rather than in competition
-oil prices increased greatly and availability went down in many areas of America
Global Security Issues (pp. 1082-1083)
5. Saddam Hussein-
- oppressive leader of Iraq and the Baath Party
-launched war against Iran
-used chemical weapons against Kurds in north killing 70,000
-sent military forces into Kuwait
-refused to allow international weapons inspectors in the country after war
-driven from power and captured by American forces in Iraq
-put on trial and sentenced to death
6. Iran-Iraq War-
-began in 1980 when Iraq invaded Iran
-Iraq hoped to take control of the Shatt-al-Arab waterway
and to overtake a disorganized Iranian government
-U.S. involvement: Iran-Contra Affair and the U.S.S. Vincennes
-the war soon became a bloody stalemate and more than
1million people were killed
7. Kuwait-
-major oil producing nation located at the northern most end of the Persian Gulf
-on Aug. 2, 1990 Iraq forces moved into Kuwait to occupy the nation
-a 28-member U.N. coalition force made Iraq withdraw in Feb., 1991
8. Operation Desert Shield-
-code name for the U.N. mission to protect Saudi Arabia for more Iraqi advancement
9. Operation Desert Storm-
-code name used by the U.N. mission to drive Iraq out of Kuwait
-began with heavy bombing of military targets around the nation, especially Baghdad
-ground campaign followed and lasted approximately 100 hours
-thousands of Iraqi soldiers surrendered
10. Coalition Forces-
-United Nation force gathered to fight drive Iraq out of Kuwait
-28 nations including some Muslim states
-U.S. General H. Norman Schwarzkopf was commander of forces
-critical of Pres. Bush when not allowed to chase Saddam’s Republican Guard forces to Baghdad
-U.N. forces remained in Iraq to monitor No Fly Zones
11. Weapons of Mass Destruction-
-weapons designed to kill enormous numbers of people
-nuclear, chemical, biological, etc.
-as part of the agreement ending the Gulf War, UN weapons inspectors were to remain in Iraq
-Iraqi government was uncooperative with inspectors and eventually kicked them out of the country
-to date, no WMD have been located in Iraq
12. Operation Iraqi Freedom-
-code name for American’s attempt to remove Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq
-opened with shock and awe strategy
War On Terrorism (pp. 998-1003)
13. Sheik Omar Abdel Rahman-
-known as the “Blind Sheik”
-well known terrorist and mastermind of the 1993 World Trade
Center bombings
-he and nine others were convicted of planning terrorist attacks
against important U.S. buildings
-presently serving a life sentence in U.S. jail
14. World Trade Center-
-Sept. 11, 2001
-two jets were hijacked and crashed into the WTC towers in New York City
-organized by al-Qaeda terrorists
15. Pentagon-
-Sept. 11, 2001
-probably meant for the White House, hijacked plane crashed into the home of the U.S. government
-organized by al-Qaeda terrorists
16. United Airlines Flight 93-
-Sept. 11, 2001
-hijacked an intended to be used in a terror attack in Washington, DC
-passengers learned of the plan by cell phone and tried tooverpower hijackers
-jet crashed in a Pennsylvania field killing everyone on board
-organized by al-Qaeda terrorists
17. al-Qaeda-
-international terrorist network
-believe in fundamental Islamic beliefs
-goal is to destroy western influences throughout the world
-main basis of operation are Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Sudan
-principal goals are to drive U.S. out of Saudi Arabia and destroy U.S. immoral society
18. Osama bin-Laden-
-founder, leader, and major financier of the al-Qaeda terrorist network
-inherited $30-300 million from the family which he uses to fund al-Qaeda
-broke from the family in the 1970’s to become a militant Islamic leader
-mastermind of several terrorist attacks against Americans
-was killed by American Navy SEAL team on May 2, 2011
19. Taliban-
-fundamentalist Islamic group that took control of Afghanistan
-destroyed anything deemed anti-Islamic in the nation
-forced the Afghan citizens to follow the strict Koran laws
-allowed anti-American terrorist to train and hide within the nation
20. Afghanistan-
-U.S. forces attacked following the Sept. 11, 2001 to destroy the Taliban
-”War on Terrorism” was supported by NATO and other nations around the world
-many al-Qaeda terrorists were killed or captured