sdj-10124

Prevalence of Congenitally Missing Mandibular Incisors in A Sample of Kurdish Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment

Anwar A. Amin*

*Pedodontic, Orthodontic, and Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.

Submitted: January 10, 2021, Accepted: January 18, 2021, Published: June 1, 2021.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10124

Objectives: This study's objective was to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing mandibular incisors (central and lateral incisors) in Kurdish patients seeking orthodontic treatment.  

Methods: The data were captured from 4056 patients (2596 females and 1460 males) seeking orthodontic treatment and included orthopantomograms, intraoral photographs, study models, while anamnestic data were retrieved and examined to evaluate the prevalence of congenitally missing lower incisors. A Chi-square test was used to determine significant differences.      

Results: The prevalence of missing lower incisors was 1.28%, with no statistically significant difference between males and females. A total of 73 permanent lower incisors were missing, with an average of 1.42 teeth per patient. Missing unilateral (59%) was more frequent than missing bilateral (41%). Within the unilateral cases, the left side tooth was more frequently missing than the right side, and the central incisor was the most frequently missing tooth. In addition, missing unilateral was more frequent in females, and missing bilateral was more frequent in males. In most subjects (76%), where mandibular incisors were missing, there were no other missing teeth.  

Conclusions: The prevalence of hypodontia can vary in different ethnic groups. In the Kurdish population, the prevalence was comparable with other ethnic groups, and the most frequently missing lower incisor was the left central incisor, followed by the right central incisor. Furthermore, missing unilateral was more frequent than missing bilateral.                                                                                     

Keywords:  Prevalence, Congenitally missing, Mandibular incisors, Orthodontic patients.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Full Article - PDF           

References:

1. Mishra P, Kanjani S. Bilateral hypodontia of mandibular second premolars and lateral incisors in a non-syndromic patient: a rare case report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech. 2016;1(1):24-6.

2. AlQarni MA, Togoo RA, AlShahrani I. A review of hypodontia: classification, prevalence, etiology, associated anomalies, clinical implications and treatment options. World J Dent. 2013;4(2):117-25.

3. Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(3):217-26.

4. Cameron J, Sampson WJ. Hypodontia of the permanent dentition. Case reports. Aust Dent J. 1996;41(1):1-5.

5. Matalova E, Fleischmannova J, Sharpe PT, Tucker AS. Tooth agenesis: from molecular genetics to molecular dentistry. J Dent Res. 2008;87(7):617-23.

6. Endo T, Ozoe R, Kubota M, Akiyama M, Shimooka S. A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129(1):29-35.

7. Khalaf K, Miskelly J, Voge E, Macfarlane TV. Prevalence of hypodontia and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod. 2014;41(4):299-316.

8. Endo T, Ozoe R, Kojima K, Shimooka S. Congenitally missing mandibular incisors and mandibular symphysis morphology. Angle Orthod. 2007;77(6):1079-84.

9. Korkut E, Gezgin O, Turkoglu S, Sener Y. Bilateral agenesis of permanent mandibular central incisors: two familial case reports. Gavin J Dent Sci. 2016;2016(1):6.

10. Graber LW. Congenital absence of teeth: a review with emphasis on inheritance patterns. J Am Dent Assoc. 1978;96(2):266-75.

11. Nunn JH, Carter NE, Gillgrass TJ, Hobson RS, Jepson NJ, Meechan JG, et al. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: background and role of paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2003;194(5):245-51.

12. Davis PJ. Hypodontia and hyperdontia of permanent teeth in Hong Kong schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987;15(4):218-20.

13. Niswander JD, Sujaku C. Congenital anomalies of teeth in japanese children. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1963;21(4):569-74.

14. Zarow M, D'Arcangelo C, D'Amario M, Marzo G. Conservative approach for the management of congenital bilateral agenesis of permanent mandibular incisors: case report and literature review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(2):154-8.

15. Newman GV. Congenitally missing mandibular incisors: treatment procedures. Am J Orthod. 1967;53(7):482-91.

16. Al-Abdallah M. Prevalence and Gender Distribution of permanent tooth agenesis among jordanian dental patients: a cross-sectional survey. Jordan Medical Journal. 2015;49(4):241- 51.

17. Trakinienė G, Ryliškytė M, Kiaušaitė A. Prevalence of teeth number anomalies in orthodontic patients. Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal. 2013;15(2):47- 53.

18. Hedayati Z, Dashlibrun YN. The prevalence and distribution pattern of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in Southern Iran. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(Suppl 1):S078-S82.

19. Amini F, Rakhshan V, Babaei P. Prevalence and pattern of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of 3374 Iranian orthodontic patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(3):245-50.

20. Al-Ajwadi SAM. An orthopantomographic study of hypodontia in permanent teeth of Iraqi patients.MDJ. 2009;6(2):139-44.

21. Karimi Afshar M KN, Torabi M, Haghani J, Karimi Afshar M. Hypodontia prevalence in permanent dentition in orthodontics patients in Kerman (2010-2015). Anatomical Sciences. 2018;15(2):63-8.

22. Kazanci F, Celikoglu M, Miloglu O, Ceylan I, Kamak H. Frequency and distribution of developmental anomalies in the permanent teeth of a Turkish orthodontic patient population. Journal of Dental Sciences. 2011;6(2):82-9.

23. Rakhshan V. Congenitally missing teeth (hypodontia): A review of the literature concerning the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, patterns and treatment. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015;12(1):1-13.

24. Dermaut LR, Goeffers KR, De Smit AA. Prevalence of tooth agenesis correlated with jaw relationship and dental crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986;90(3):204-10.

25. Al-Abdallah M, AlHadidi A, Hammad M, Al- Ahmad H, Saleh R. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies: a comparison between maxillary and mandibular tooth agenesis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148(5):793-8.

26. Brekhus PJ, Oliver CP, Montelius G. A Study of the Pattern and Combinations of Congenitally Missing Teeth in Man. Journal of Dental Research. 1944;23(2):117-31.

27. Acev DP, Gjorgova J. Prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of macedonian population. Balk J Dent Med. 2014;18(2):93-8.

28. Muller TP, Hill IN, Peterson AC, Blayney JR. A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1970;81(1):101-7.

29. Niswander JD, Sujaku C. Congenital anomalies of teeth in japanese children. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1963;21(4):569-74.

30. Gupta S, Rauniyar S. Prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu, Nepal. Arch Med Health Sci. 2019;7(2):172-6.

Abstract