sdj-10072

Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Salivary Total Protein, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in Chronic Periodontitis Patients

* Chenar A. Mohammad

* Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.

Submitted: 14/02/2018; Accepted: 02/05/2018; Published 31/08/2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10072

Abstract

Objective: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious inflammatory disease of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, it causes by microbial plaque accumulation and its severity depend on interaction between pathogenic bacteria

and host immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of scaling and root planning on the mean values of salivary total protein (TP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β).

Methods: Comparative study conducted on 40 volunteers: 20 of them with chronic periodontitis and 20 with healthy periodontium. Scaling and root planning was conducted for chronic periodontitis patients and unstimulated

saliva was collected from all studied subjects at baseline before and after 4 weeks of periodontal treatment to estimate the mean levels of TP, TNF-α and IL-1β.

Results: High mean values of clinical periodontal inflammatory parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss), TP, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected in chronic periodontitis patients as compared to controls (p<0.000), and significant reduction in their mean values were seen after 4 weeks of periodontal therapy as compared to baseline before treatment (p<0.000).

Conclusions: Biochemical (TP) and immunological parameters (TNF-α and IL-1β) detected at increased levels in chronic periodontitis patients and reduced after periodontal therapy, so further studies are necessary to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of these markers.

Keywords: Total protein, TNF-α, IL-1β, Chronic periodontitis.

Full Article - PDF

References:

1. Goutoudi P, Diza E, Arvanitidou M. Effect of periodontal therapy on crevicular fluid interleukin-1beta and interleukin10 levels in chronic periodontitis. J Dent. 2004;32(7):511-20.

2. Armitage GC. The complete periodontal examination. Periodontol 2000. 2004;34(1):22-33.

3. Taba M, Kinney J, Kim AS, Giannobile WV. Diagnostic biomarkers for oral and periodontal diseases. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49(3):551-71.

4. Gonçalves Lda R, Soares MR, Nogueira FC, Garcia C, Camisasca DR, Domont G, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of whole saliva from chronic periodontitis patients. J Proteomics. 2010;73(7):1334–41.

5.Kaufman E, Lamster IB. The diagnostic applications of saliva: a review. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(2):197-212.

6. Panchbhai AS, Degwekar SS, Bhowte RR. Estimation of salivary glucose, salivary amylase, salivary total protein and salivary flow rate in diabetics in India. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(3):359–68.

7. Callard R, George AJ, Stark J. Cytokines, chaos, and complexity. Immunity. 1999;11(5):507-13.

8. Stashenko P, Fujiyoshi P, Obernesser MS, Prostak L, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Levels of interleukin 1 beta in tissue from sites of active periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1991;18(7):548-54.

9. McFarlane CG, Reynolds JJ, Meikle MC. The release of interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon gamma by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 1990;25(4):207-14.

10. Kjeldsen M, Holmstrup P, Lindemann RA, Bendtzen K. Bacterial-stimulated cytokine production of peripheral mononuclear cells from patients of various periodontitis categories. J Periodontol. 1995;66(2):139-44.

11. Graves DT. The contribution of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol. 2003;74(3):391-401.

12. Rossomando EF, White L. A novel method for the detection of TNF-alpha in gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontol. 1993;64(5 Suppl):445-49.

13. Teles RP, Likhari V, Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Salivary cytokine levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis and in periodontally healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontal Res. 2009;44(3):411-17.

14. Howells GL. Cytokine networks in destructive periodontal disease. Oral Dis. 1995;1(4):266-70.

15. Jiang Y, Magli L, Russo M. Bacterium-dependent induction of cytokines in mononuclear cells and their pathologic consequences in vivo. Infect Immun. 1999;67(5):2125-30.

16. Jandinski JJ, Stashenko P, Feder LS, Leung CC, Peros WJ, Rynar JE et. al. Localization of interleukin-1 beta in human periodontal tissue. J Periodontol. 1991;62:36-43.

17. Ejeil AL, Gaultier F, Igondjo-Tchen S, Senni K, Pellat B, Godeau G et. al. Are cytokines linked to collagen breakdown during periodontal disease progression?. J Periodontol. 2003;74(2):196-201.

18. Alvares O, Klebe R, Grant G, Cochran DL. Growth factor effects on the expression of collagenase and TIMP-1 in periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol. 1995;66(7):552-28.

19. Nakaya H, Oates TW, Hoang AM, Kamoi K, Cochran DL. Effects of interleukin-1 beta on matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels in human periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol. 1997;68(6):517-23.

20. Ishihara Y, Nishihara T, Kuroyanagi T, Shirozu N, Yamagishi E, Ohguchi M et. al. Gingival crevicular interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels in periodontally healthy and diseased sites. J Periodontal Res. 1997;32(6):524-29.

21. Hou LT, Liu CM, Liu BY, Lin SJ, Liao CS, Rossomando EF. Interleukin-1beta, clinical parameters and matched cellular-histopathologic changes of biopsied gingival tissue from periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res. 2003;38(3):247-54.

22. Pushparani DS, Nirmala S. Comparison of acid phosphatase and β D- Glucuronidase enzyme levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis. IJSER. 2013;4(10):1164-68.

23. Silness P, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22:121-26.

24. Löe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevelance and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963;21:533-51.

25. Löe H. The gingival index, the plaque index, and the retention index systems. J Periodontol. 1967;38(6 Suppl):610-16.

26. Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J. 1975;25(4):229-35.

27. Newman MG, Taki HH, Klokkevold PR. Caranza FA. Caranza´s clinical periodotology. 10th ed. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier; 2007.

28. Tietz NW. Measurement of total protein - Biuret method. Text book of clinical chemistry. Elseiver Publishers; 2005.

29. Cuggini MA, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Kent RL, Socransky SS. The effect of scaling and root planning on the clinical and microbiological parameters on periodontal diseases. 2000; J Clin Periodontol;27(1):30-36.

30. Aziz HW. The effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on clinical parameters, salivary and serum melatonin, interleukin-6 levels in chronic periodontitis patients. MSc Thesis. College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University; 2014.

31. Jalal AA. Effect of local metronidazole gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planning for chronic periodontitis in male smokers. MSc Thesis. College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University; 2010.

32. Bollen CM, Mongardini C, Papaioannou W, Van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. The effect of a one-stage full-mouth disinfection on different intr-oral niches. Clinical and microbiological observations. J Clin Periodontol. 1998;25(1):55-66.

33. Checchi L, Pelliccioni GA. Hand versus ultrasonic instrumentation in the removal of endotoxins from root surfaces in vitro. J Periodontol. 1988;59(6):398-402.

34. Baehni PC, Thilo B, Chapuis B, Pernet D. Effects of Ultrasonic and Sonic Scalers on Dental Plaque Microflora in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Periodontol. 1992;19(7):455-59.

35. Kaufman E, Lamster IB. Analysis of saliva for periodontal diagnosis- a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2000;27(7):453-65.

36. Cobb CM. Non-surgical pocket therapy: mechanical, Ann Periodontol.1996;1(1):443-90.

37. Teshome A, Yitayeh A. The effect of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and fasting plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2016;17(1):31.

38. Sánchez GA, Miozza VA, Delgado A, Busch L. Relationship between salivary mucin or amylase and the periodontal status. Oral Dis. 2013;19(6):585–91.

39. Henskens YM, van den Keijbus PA, Veerman EC, Van der Weijden GA, Timmerman MF, Snoek CM, et al. Protein composition of whole and parotid saliva in healthy and periodontitis subjects: Determination of cystatins, albumin, amylase and IgA. J Periodontal Res. 1996;31(1):57–65.

40. Shaila M, Pai GP, Shetty P. Salivary protein concentration, flow rate, buffering capacity and pH estimation: A comparative study among young and elderly subjects, both normal and with gingivitis and periodontitis. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17(1):42-46.

41. Frodge BD, Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Thomas MV, Miller CS. Bone remodeling biomarkers of periodontal disease in saliva. J Periodontol. 2008;79(10):1913-19.

42. Passoja A, Puijola I, Knuuttila M, Niemelä O, Karttunen R, Raunio T, et al. Serum levels of interleukin-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(10):881-7.

43. Tobón-Arroyave SI, Jaramillo-González PE, Isaza-Guzmán DM. Correlation between salivary IL-1β levels and periodontal clinical status. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(4):346-52.

44. Gamonal G, Acevedo A, Bascones A, Jorge O, Silva A. Levels of interleukin-1β, -8, and -10 and RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid and cell populations in adult periodontitis patients and the effect of periodontal treatment. J Periodontol. 2000;71(10):1535-45.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.