sdj-10119

Effect of Some Disinfectant Solutions on the Adherence of Candida albicans to Three Types of Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials

Seeran M. Ahmed*, Nadia T. Jaffer*

*Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Duhok University, Duhok, Iraq.

Submitted: 04/04/2020; Accepted: 26/07/2020; Published 01/12/2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17656/sdj.10119

Abstract

Objective: Microbial adhesion to denture surface is problematic for denture wearers, especially those with impaired dexterities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of two plant extracts (clove and Basil) in addition to Chlorhexidine on candida Albicans adherence to (heat, cold, light) activated acrylic denture base materials.          

Methods: Two herbal extracted clove (Eugenia caryohyllata) and Basil (Ocimum basilicum) were prepared by drying, ground to powder, and extracted with ethanol chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% were used as three disinfectant solutions. One hundred and five square acrylic samples were prepared from (heat, cold, and light) activated acrylic resin denture base materials in dimensions of 10×10×2 mm for the study. The disk diffusion test was used to determine the susceptibility of C. Albicans to disinfectant solutions. The adhesion of yeast to the acrylic resin samples was measured with a light microscope by measuring the number of fungal cells in the corners of the square and expressed as no. of cells/mm2. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA to compare the mean of readings between disinfectant solutions and post-hoc t-test in which the p-value is less than 0.05.

Results: Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) of adhesion of C.albicans were found on the surfaces of three types of activated acrylic resin materials with means of 19.18, 46.25, and 26.50 cell/mm2on heat, light, and cold cure respectively and after immersing the specimens on the disinfectant solutions regarding the highest effect of the disinfectant solutions was seen in chlorhexidine gluconate of 0.12% which demonstrate 3.11, 5.89 and 5.43 cell/mm2 followed by Basil with means of 6.75, 13.57 and 10.11 cell/mm2 on heat, light and cold cure acrylic resin specimens correspondingly, then the clove and finally distilled water. 

Conclusions:  Both clove buds and basil leaves extracted solutions exhibited high antifungal activity besides Chlorhexidine on the surface of denture base materials. The highest inhibition zone was seen in Chlorhexidine, followed by Basil, clove, and distilled water, respectively. The number of fungal cell adhesion to the three types of denture base was decreased in the three disinfectant solutions when compared to distilled water (control group).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

Keywords: Disinfectant solutions, acrylic denture base, C. Albicans.                                                                                                                                                                                              Full Article - PDF                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

References:

1. Rasmy HA. Effect of microwave cured acrylic resin on candidal growth in complete denture. M.SC Thesis 2009, College of Dentistry, University of Ain Shams, Jordan.

2. Nandal Sh, Ghalau P, Shekhawat H, Gulati SM. New Era in denture base resins:a review. DJAS. 2013;1(3):136-43.

3. Gad MM, Fouda MSh, Al-Harbi AF, Ritva NR, Raustia A. PMMA denture base material enhancement:a review of fiber, filler, and nanofill er addition. Int J Nanomed. 2017;12:3801.

4. Goldibi F, Asghari G. The level of residual monomer in acrylic denture base materials. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2009;4(2):244-9.

5. Ivković N, Božović D, Ristić S, Mirjanić V, Olivera J. The residual monomer in dental acrylic resin and its adverse effects. Contemp Mater. 2013;4(1):84-91.

6. Bettencourt AF, Neves CB, De Almeida MS, Pinheiro LM, Oliveira SA, Lopes LP, et al. Biodegradation of acrylic based resins: A review. Dent Mater. 2010;26(5):171-80.

7. Vojdani M, Giti R. Polyamide as a Denture Base Material: A Literature Review. J Dent Shiraz Univ Med Sci. 2015;16(1):1-9.

8. Oilo M, Bakken V. Biofilm, and dental biomaterials. Materials. 2015;8(6):2887-900.

9. Filoche S, Wong L, Sissons CH. Oral biofilms: emerging concepts in microbial ecology. J Dent. Res. 2010;89(1):8-18.

10. Hayran Y, Sarikaya I, Aydin A, Tekin YH. Determination of the effective anticandidal concentration of denture cleanser tablets on some denture base resins. J Appl Oral Sci. 2018;26:1-10.

11. Lucena-Ferreira SC, Ricomini-Filho AP, Silva WJ, Cury JA. Influence of daily immersion in denture cleanser on multispecies biofilm. Clin Oral Investig. 2014;18(9):2179-85.

12. Milica P, Milica K, Milena K, Nebojša K, Marko I, Zoran P et al. Therapeutic alternatives of natural compounds in treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Acta Medica Medianae. 2014;53(1):73-79.

13. Prabal Sh, Sandeep G, Nidhi MK. Effect of denture cleansers on surface roughness and flexural strength of heat cure denture base resin-an in vitro study. JCDR. 2017;11(8):94-97.

14. Craig RG, Powers JM, Wataha JC. Dental materials properties and manipulation. 8th ed. C.V.Mosby Com. St. Louis.2004 Pp.270-296.

15. Al-Muthaffer AM. Effect of conventional polishing procedure in water sorption of cold and heat cured acrylic denture base material. MJB. 2016;2(13):481–8.

16. Al-Irhayim R. Evaluation of surface roughness and adherence of candida albican on some denture base Vol 7(2) Ahmed and Jaffer 89 and denture lining materials.M.SC Thesis. 2009, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Iraq.

17. Megalaa N, Thirumurugan K, Kayalvizhi G, Sajeev R, Kayalvizhi EB, Ramesh V. A comparative evaluation of the anticaries efficacy of herbal extracts (Tulsi and Black myrobalans) and sodium fluoride as mouth rinses in children: A randomized controlled trial. Indian J Dent Res. 2018;29(6):760-7.

18. Rath SK, Singh M. Comparative clinical and microbiological efficacy of mouthwashes containing 0.2% and 0.12% chlorhexidine. J. Dent. Res. 2013;10(3):364-9.

19. Babu JP, Garcia-Godoy F. In vitro comparison of commercial oral rinses on bacterial adhesion and their detachment from biofilm formed on hydroxyapatite disks. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2014;12(4):365-71.

20. Fouad S, Al-khunaini N, Al-Rashed S, Abou- Obaid A. Effect of different denture cleansers on surface roughness of acrylic denture base materials. Saudi J. Oral.Dent. Res. 2017;2(8):201- 8.

21. Gleiznys A, Zdanavičienė E, Žilinskas J. Candida albicans importance to denture wearers. A literature review. Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial J. 2015;17(2):54-66.

22. Timbury MC, McCartney AC, Thakker B, Ward KN. Notes on medical microbiology. 1st ed. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier Science. 2002. Ch.40, Pp.516-60.

23. Willery JM, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ. Prescotte, Harley and Klien’s Microbiology. 7th ed., McGraw-Hill Comp.Inc., New York. 2008.Ch.4 Pp.79-149.

24. Melhem MSC, Bertoletti A, Lucca HRL, Silva RBO, Meneghin FA, Szeszs MW. Use of the VITEK 2 system to identify and test the antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant yeast species. Braz J Microbiol. 2013;44(4):1257-66.

25. Zoccolotti JO, Tasso CO, Arbeláez MI, Malavolta IF, Esteves CS, Jorge JH. Properties of an acrylic resin after immersion in antiseptic soap:low- cost,easy-access procedure for the prevention of denture stomatitis. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):1-22.

26. Mithun PB, Mahesh KM, Amit VM, Prashanth GM, Chandu GN. Antimicrobial mouth rinses are they potent against candida albicans? J Odontol Res. 2013;1(1):4-10.

27. Leung VW, Darvell BW. Artificial salivas for in vitro studies of dental materials. J Dent. 1997;25(6):475-84.

28. Pavithra KR. Wettability of three denture base materials to human saliva, saliva substitute, and distilled water: A comparative in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2018;18(3):248-56.

29. Waltimo T, Valllittu PH. Adherence of candida species to newly polymerized and water stored denture base polymers. Int J Prosthodont. 2001;14(5):457-60.

30. Moura JS, Silva WJ, Pereira T, Del Bel Cury AA, Rodrigues RC. Influence of acrylic resin polymerization method and saliva on the adherence of four candida species. J Prosthet Dent. 2006;96(3):205-11.

31. Ebrahimi SM, Zomorodian K, Vojdani M, Sattari M. Comparison of candidal and bacterial adherence to denture base acrylic resins. JIDAI. 2013;25(2):113-8.

32. Parappa S, Nagesh L, Prem PK, Mangala S. Chlorhexidine as an antimicrobial agent in dentistry. OHDM. 2016;15(2):93-100.

33. Qing L, Xiao M, Ya L, Cai-Ning Z, Guo-Yi Tan, Hua-Bin Li. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of spices. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(6):1283.

34. Sakkas H, Papadopoulou Ch. Antimicrobial activity of basil, oregano, and thyme essential oils. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;27(3):429-38.

 © The Authors, published by University of Sulaimani, College of Dentistry

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.