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Low Wages
Majority of workers could not afford minimal requirements for food, shelter, and clothing.
Every member of the family had to work.
Immigrants were willing to work for very low wages.
Dangerous Working Conditions
Insufficient safeguards around machinery
Overworked employees
At least hundreds of thousands of workers were injured or killed per year
Workers suffered from debilitating illness from unhealthful working conditions
Child Labor
Textile Mills and coal mines used child labor
Paid less than adults
1 of 5 children under 15 was working outside the home
Long Hours
Workers had a 6 or 7 work day that included a 10 to 14 hour work shift everyday.
Unpleasant Living Conditions
Workers lived in crowded inner-city slums or in company towns like in Pullman, Illinois
Company towns controlled: The costs of rent, food, and supplies. Paid town officials and the police.
Goals of Unions
Unions are workers that organize together and have three main goals:
Obtain higher wages and better working conditions
Mutual aid such as pensions and insurance benefits
Pressure the government by influencing politicians or lobbying politicians to support their demands or even from a political party
Tactics of Unions
Collective Bargaining
Mutual Aid
Strikes
Closed Shop
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