Project 2 A
Summarizing and Translating Summaries
Spanish and English
Project 2 A
Summarizing and Translating Summaries
Spanish and English
Adaptation
Author: Bruno Osimo
Spanish Version Translated by: Simón Campagne
Tools Used for Summaries: Gemini AI
Link: https://gemini.google.com/app?hl=en-GB
Spanish Summary
English Summary
Adaptación (segunda parte)
El texto aborda la adaptación de textos desde una perspectiva cultural y comunicativa. Se centra en dos puntos principales:
Lo implícito en la adaptación: La adaptación de un texto no solo afecta a lo que se dice explícitamente, sino también a lo que se da por sentado y que forma parte de la cultura en la que se produce el texto. Lo implícito es específico de cada cultura y puede variar según el contexto.
Polos de adaptación: Existen dos enfoques principales en la adaptación de textos:
Del texto al lector: Se busca adaptar el texto para que sea más accesible y comprensible para el lector, teniendo en cuenta su cultura y conocimientos previos.
Del lector al texto: Se espera que el lector se esfuerce por comprender el texto en su contexto cultural original, adaptándose a él en lugar de que el texto se adapte al lector.
El autor utiliza el ejemplo de la estructura de los periódicos para ilustrar cómo la clasificación de la realidad varía entre culturas, lo que afecta a la forma en que se presenta la información. También destaca la importancia de lo implícito en la comunicación, señalando que una gran parte del mensaje puede estar en lo que no se dice explícitamente.
Además, el texto explora cómo las diferencias culturales influyen en la forma en que se conciben y expresan los conceptos. Se argumenta que las culturas con un mayor enfoque en un tema particular (como la vida marítima en culturas mediterráneas) tienden a desarrollar categorías y términos más específicos para ese tema.
El autor concluye que la traducción es un tipo de adaptación entre culturas y que la elección entre adaptar el texto al lector o viceversa es un factor clave para distinguir las diferentes actitudes en la traducción.
The text discusses the concept of adaptation in translation, focusing on the implicit aspects of language and culture. Here's a breakdown of the key points:
Implicit vs. Explicit: A text has two components: the explicit (what is said) and the implicit (what is unsaid but understood within a cultural context). The unsaid is crucial and often constitutes a larger part of the message. The example of the bus conductor asking for tickets illustrates how much is left unsaid but understood.
Culture and the Unsaid: Culture plays a significant role in shaping what is implicit. Different cultures have different ways of categorizing and perceiving reality, which affects their communication. The example of newspaper layouts demonstrates how the same reality is presented differently based on cultural categorization. Even simple statements like "I had breakfast" can imply vastly different things depending on the cultural context (Italian vs. Anglo-Saxon breakfast).
Categories and Language: Cultures that focus on specific areas (e.g., maritime life in Mediterranean cultures) develop more nuanced language and categories for those areas. This affects how people think and express themselves.
Awareness of the Implicit: We are often unaware of the implicit aspects of our own culture because they are so ingrained. Just as we are often unaware of the grammar of our native language until we study another language, we become more aware of our cultural assumptions by encountering other cultures.
Translation as Adaptation: Translation is defined as an adaptation between two cultures, not just of one culture. The text emphasizes the importance of understanding both cultures involved in the translation process.
Two Poles of Adaptation: The text highlights two fundamental approaches to translation:
Adapting the text to the reader: Making the text accessible and understandable for the target audience by bridging cultural gaps.
Adapting the reader to the text: Expecting the reader to understand the text within its original cultural context, potentially requiring more effort from the reader.
The author states that which of these approaches is taken is a key differentiator in translation theory and practice
Conclusion and Comparison
The Spanish version of the summary is not as complete as the English summary. It contains some examples and ideas obtained from the course, but the English version emphasizes these ideas and divides them into subcategories with even examples—for instance, Implicit vs. Implicit text, Culture and Unsaid, Categories and Language, etc. In conclusion, the English summary is better than the Spanish one.