Embedded Files
Sources:
Jacobsen, Torsten Cumberland. A History of the Vandals. Westholme Publishing, 2012.
Herwig, Wolfram. The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples. University of California Press, 1997.
Pliny the Elder. The Natural History. Translated by J. Bostock. (http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=plin.+nat.+toc).
Procopius. The Vandal War. Translated by H.B. Dewing. (https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Wars/3B*.html).
Cassius Dio. Roman History. Translated by H.B. Foster. (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10890/10890-h/10890-h.htm#b71).
Maurice. Strategikon. Translated by George T. Dennis. 1984. (https://archive.org/details/maurice-strategikon-dennis-1984/Maurice_Strategikon_Dennis_1984/page/119/mode/2up).
Tacitus. Germany and its Tribes. Translated by Alfred J. Church, William J. Brodribb. (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0083).
Images Used:
Leutemann, The Sack of Rome by the Vandals
Gaiseric Sacking Rome, a painting by Karl Briullov (1833–1836)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaiseric#/media/File:Genseric_sacking_rome_456.jpg
Wandalen-König Geiserich, Holzstich, 1869, nach Fresko von Julius Naue (1833–1907)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geiserich_by_Julius_Naue.jpg
Pope Leo the Great attempts to persuade Gaiseric, prince of Vandals, to abstain from sacking Rome
Bust of Byzantine Empreror Theodosius II (reigned 408–450 AD). Marble, 5th century AD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_II#/media/File:Theodosius_II_Louvre_Ma1036.jpg
Portrait head of Valens, or his brother, on a modern bust historically mislabelled as Constantine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valens#/media/File:Galleria_degli_Uffizi,_Florence_(32212815186).jpg
Ulfilas explains the gospel to the Goths, 1900
Ulfilas Translates the Bible by Willhelm Lindenschmit, 1879
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germania,_1882_1020017_(4358323359)_(cropped).jpg
Detail from the Column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars#/media/File:Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_-_detail4.jpg
Diptych of Stilicho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilicho#/media/File:Diptych_of_Stilicho.jpg
Vandals plundering, Yonge, Charlotte M in ‘Young Folks’ History of Rome’, 1880
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vandals_plundering.jpg
Spanish Coast, Yonge, Charlotte M in ‘Young Folks’ History of Rome’, 1880, pg. 398
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uwsYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA403&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=true
German Family, History of Rome, and of the Roman people, from its origin to the invasion of the barbarians (1883)
Vandal cavalryman, c. AD 500, from a mosaic pavement at Bordj Djedid near Carthage
The Favourites of the Emperor Honorius, by John William Waterhouse, 1883
Battle sarcophagus; Roman, c. 190 A.D
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sarcophagus_with_battle_scene_DMA_T42492.jpg
Bust of Valentinian III set in a modern bust in the Louvre
Possible relief of Aetius
"The Meeting of Leo the Great and Atilla" by Raphael, Raphael Rooms, Vatican Museum
Ulpiano Checa La invasión de los bárbaros
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ulpiano_Checa_La_invasi%C3%B3n_de_los_b%C3%A1rbaros.jpg
Solidus of Emperor Petronius Maximus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petronius_Maximus#/media/File:Solidus_of_Petronius_Maximus.png
Carlo Crivelli - St. Augustine
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carlo_Crivelli_-_St._Augustine_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
Romulus Augustus resigns the Crown before Odoacer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus420.png
Late Roman soldiers, probably barbarians, as depicted (back row) by bas-relief on the base of Theodosius I's obelisk in Constantinople (c. 390)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Detail_from_the_south_face_of_the_Obelisk_of_Theodosius.jpg
Coin of Bonifatius Comes Africae (422-431 AD)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonifatius#/media/File:Bonifatius_Comes_Africae_422-431CE.jpg
Boxwood relief with the Liberation of a Besieged City; Western Roman Empire, early 5th Century
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:0418_Befreiung_einer_belagerten_Stadt_Bodemuseum_anagoria.JPG
Solidus of Emperor Maurice
Tombstones of Rome horsemen in Germany
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tombstones_of_Rome_horsemen_in_Germany.jpg
The Portonaccio Sarcophogus
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Portonaccio_Sarcophogus_(10164988363).jpg
Bust of the Emperor Aurelian
A Germanic assembly, Charles Rochussen
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germaanse_volksvergadering.jpg
Germanic thing, drawn after the depiction in a relief of the Column of Marcus Aurelius
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germanische-ratsversammlung_1-1250x715.jpg
Column of Marcus Aurelius, Gary Todd
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Column_of_Marcus_Aurelius_(48424114437).jpg
Spectators watch as the processional wagon of the Germanic goddess Nerthus moves along, inspired by Tacitus' description of the Germanic custom in his first century AD work Germania
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nerthus_by_Emil_Doepler.jpg
The goddess Freia stands under a tree of apples with her cats by her feet
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ring5.jpg
Tyr and Fenrir-John Bauer
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tyr_and_Fenrir-John_Bauer.jpg
Tor's Fight with the Giants, Mårten Eskil Winge
Odin in the guise of a wanderer, Georg von Rosen
Castor Pollux anagoria
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Castor_Pollux_anagoria.JPG
Goths cross a river, Évariste Vital Luminais
The Goths, from the earliest times to the end of the Gothic dominion in Spain
Gunthamund coin 484-496
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gunthamund_coin_484-496.jpg
Gothic long house in Masłomęcz
Iron Age Hut at Michelham Priory
The funerary mask of Tutankhamun
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg
Roman gladius, type Pompeii
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Uncrossed_gladius.jpg
statuette en alliage d'un bovidé
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statuette_en_alliage_d%27un_bovid%C3%A9.jpg
Germanic neck ring with plug clasp
Vandalic goldfoil jewelry
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KHM_Wien_VIIb_105_-_Vandalic_goldfoil_jewelry,_c._300_AD.jpg
First Council of Nicea-stavropoleos church
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_Council_of_Nicea-stavropoleos_church.JPG
First Council of Nicea by V.Surikov
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:First_Council_of_Nicea_by_V.Surikov_(1876).jpg
Arius (Areios) (260, Libya - 336, Constantinople) bishop, spiritual creator of the doctrine of Arianism
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arius_p%C3%BCsp%C3%B6k.jpg
Within the Roman Empire
Situated in modern day
Gizur and the Huns, Peter Nicolai Arbo
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gizur_and_the_Huns.jpg
Portrait of Paulus Diaconus. Detail of fol. 34r of Laurentian Plut. 65.35
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PaulusDiaconus_Plut.65.35.jpg
UK Flag
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg
US Flag
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(DoS_ECA_Color_Standard).svg
Canada Flag
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Canada_(by_Boracasli).svg
EU Flag
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg
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