The Goths

Sources:

Sources: Gwynn, David M. The Goths: Lost Civilisations. 2017.

Bóna, István. "'Forest People': The Goths in Transylvania". In Makkai, László and Mócsy, András (eds.). History of Transylvania: From the Beginning to 1606. Columbia University Press, 2001.

Herwig, Wolfram. History of the Goths. Berkeley, 1988.

Nordgren, Ingemar. 'Goths and Relgion', in Wulfila 311, 2011.

Images Used:

Wells Cathedral

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wells_Cathedral_West_Front_Exterior,_UK_-_Diliff.jpg

Gothic Girl

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gothic_girl.jpg

The Sack of Rome in 410 by the Barbarians, Joseph-Noël Sylvestre, 1890

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visigoths_sack_Rome.jpg

Portrait of Giorgio Vasari, Jacopo Zucchi, 1571-74

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zucchi,_Jacopo_-_Vasari,_Giorgio_-_Uffizi_ICCD.jpg

Robert Smith of the Cure

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PrayerTour89.jpg

Gizur challenges the Huns by Peter Nicolai Arbo, 1886

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peter_Nicolai_Arbo_-_Painting_-_NG.M.04238_-_National_Museum_of_Art,_Architecture_and_Design.jpg

Pietroasele Treasure fibula

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tezaurul_de_la_Pietroasele_Closca_MNIR_Tezaur.JPG

Bust of Licinius

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Licinius,_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg

Colossus of Constantine the Great

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:0_Gaius_Flavius_Valerius_Constantinus,_Palatino.jpg

Solidus of Procopius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procopius_(usurper)

Solidus of Valens

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3015-a_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B4._%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_II._%D0%9E%D0%BA._364_%D0%B3._(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81).png

Athanaric and Valens on the Danube

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Athanaric_and_Valens_on_the_Danbue.png

Invasion of the Barbarians, Ulpiano Checa, 1887

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ulpiano_Checa_La_invasi%C3%B3n_de_los_b%C3%A1rbaros.jpg

"The Huns at the Battle of Chalons" from page 135 of A Popular History of France From The Earliest Times Volume I of VI. Illustration by A. De Neuville (1836-1885)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg

Valens Bust

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valens_Honorius_Musei_Capitolini_MC494.jpg

Gothic long house in Masłomęcz

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rekonstrukcja_gockiego_d%C5%82ugiego_domu_w_Mas%C5%82om%C4%99czu.JPG

Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:10_2023_-_Palazzo_Altemps,_Roma,_Lazio,_00186,_Italia_-_Sarcofago_Grande_Ludovisi_(Grande_Ludovisi_sarcophagus)_-_Arte_Romana_-_Photo_Paolo_Villa_FO232047_ombre_gimp_bis.jpg

Invasion of the Goths

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:O_Fritsche_-_Invasion_of_the_Goths_into_the_Roman_Empire.jpg

Odin in the guise of a wanderer, Georg von Rosen

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Georg_von_Rosen_-_Oden_som_vandringsman,_1886_(Odin,_the_Wanderer).jpg

Stone Circle in Poland

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wesiory.jpg

Obelisk of Theodosius

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosius_obeliszk_-_Isztambul,_2014.10.23_(2).JPG

Ulfilas

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Germania,_1882_1020017_(4358323359)_(cropped).jpg

Bishop Wulfila explains the Gospels to the Goths

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bischof_Ulfilas_erkl%C3%A4rt_den_Goten_das_Evangelium.jpg

Constantine burning Arian texts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_burning_Arian_books.jpg

Ceiling mosaic of Arian Baptistry, Ravenna, 5th-6th Century

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arian_Baptistry_ceiling_mosaic_-_Ravenna.jpg

Goths cross a river, Évariste Vital Luminais

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Evariste-Vital_Luminais_-_Goths_traversant_une_rivi%C3%A8re.jpg

Gothic migrations

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Goths,_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_end_of_the_Gothic_dominion_in_Spain_(1887)_(14781542985).jpg

Portrait of Alaric, 1836

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alarich_steel_engraving.jpg

Alaric Entering Athens, Allan Stewart, circa 1915

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alaric_entering_Athens.jpg

Diptych of Stilicho

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diptych_of_Stilicho.jpg

Anachronistic depiction of the Sack of Rome, 15th century illuminated manuscript

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eroberung_roms_410.jpg

Marcella of Rome, Diodore Rahoult, 1886

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcella_of_Rome.jpg

The Sack of Rome, Evariste-Vital Luminais

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Evariste-Vital_Luminais_-_Le_Sac_de_Rome.jpg

The favourites of the Emperor Honorius, John William Waterhouse, 1883

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_William_Waterhouse_-_The_Favorites_of_the_Emperor_Honorius_-_1883.jpg

Alaric in Athens, Ludwig Thiersch, circa 1879

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ludwig_Thiersch_-_Alarich_in_Athen_-_10346_-_Bavarian_State_Painting_Collections.jpg

The burial of Alaric in the bed of the Busentinus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Death_of_Alaric.jpg

Chernyakhov culture pottery

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:02019_1087_Keramik_der_Tschernjachow-Kultur_seit_dem_2._Jahrhundert.jpg

Chernyakhov Vase

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAM148.jpg

Patera from the Pietroasele hoard, Romania

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A1tera_-_Tesoro_de_Pietroasele_(1).jpg

Patera close up

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P%C3%A1tera_-_Tesoro_de_Pietroasele_(4).jpg

Cup of gold, silver, garnet and tourmaline, Pietroasele hoard, Romania

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coupe-Pietroassa.jpg

Drawing of the Ring of Pietroassa, Henri Trenk, 1875

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pietroassa_ring_1875.jpg

Visigothic Belt Buckle, 6th Century

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belt_Buckle_MET_h1_1988.305a,b.jpg

Treasure of Guarrazar

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corona_de_(29049230050).jpg

Ostrogothic Belt Buckle, 5th-6th Century

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/468995

The Lords Prayer in Gothic

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oratio_Dominica.jpg

Codex Argenteus

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wulfila_bibel.jpg

The Third Council of Toldeo, José Martí y Monsó, 1862

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:III_Concilio_de_Toledo_(Museo_del_Prado).jpg

Spearhead of Kovel, R. Henning, 1889

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spearhead_of_kovel.png

Icon depicting the first council of Nicaea

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicaea_icon.jpg

Gothic cemetery, Odry, Czechia

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odry_kr%C4%85g_IV_fragment3_02.07.10_p.jpg

Gothic Vase village of Gronowo

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:02023_Goth_two-handle_vase_found_in_Gronowo.jpg

Chernyakhov Culture Brooch, 3rd-4th century

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Moldova_-_2017_-_Colnect_705987_-_Brooch_of_the_Chernyakhov_culture_3rd_-_4th_century.jpeg

Reconstruction of Gothic armour and weaponry

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mas%C5%82om%C4%99cz,_skansen_%22Wioska_Got%C3%B3w%22_(7).jpg

Reconstructed gothic house, Masłomęcz, Poland

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chata_Gota_wMaslomeczu.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mas%C5%82om%C4%99cz,_skansen_%22Wioska_Got%C3%B3w%22_(10).jpg

Gothic Raiders

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Goths,_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_end_of_the_Gothic_dominion_in_Spain_(1887)_(14594874119).jpg

The Goths drawing

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Folks%27_History_of_Rome_illus368.png

The last of the Goths leaving Italy, from ‘The Story of the Greatest Nations’, 1900

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_story_of_the_greatest_nations,_from_the_dawn_of_history_to_the_twentieth_century_-_a_comprehensive_history,_founded_upon_the_leading_authorities,_including_a_complete_chronology_of_the_world,_and_(14591762077).jpg

Ostrogothic or Byzantine Helmet, 6th-7th century AD

https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/24685

Mausoleum of Theodoric

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mausoleum_of_Theodoric_(Ravenna)_-_Exterior.jpg

Visigoths remains in the Crypt of San Antolín of the cathedral of Palencia, Spain

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cripta_Visigoda_Palencia.JPG

Church of San Juan Bautista, Spain

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:San_Juan_de_Ba%C3%B1os.jpg

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