Embedded Files
Images Used:
Map displaying the expansion of Khazar territory from 650-850:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chasaren.jpg
Map of the Khazar Khaganate and surrounding states, c. 820 CE. Area of direct Khazar control shown in dark blue, sphere of influence in purple. Other boundaries shown in dark red:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khazar_map1.PNG
Map displaying the Eastern part of Eastern Hemisphere in 600 AD: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Part_of_East-Hem_600ad.jpg
Map of the Western Turkic Khaganate:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Western_Turkic_Khaganate.jpg
Maps of the Khazar Kingdom from 300 c.e. to 1000 c.e. https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/310396599302849876/
Map of the Early Rus Territories:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Early_Rus.png
Bulgarians and Slavs VI-VII century:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bulgarians_and_Slavs_VI-VII_century.png
Map of Varangian Trade Routes:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varangian_routes.png
Map displaying the Caucasus, 740 AD: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Caucasus,_740_CE.svg
An Jia welcoming a Turk. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An_Jia_welcoming_a_Turk._Shaanxi_Provincial_Institute_of_Archaeology,_Xi%E2%80%99an.jpg
Battle of Bahram Chubina with Saveh shah:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bahram_Chubina_with_Saveh_shah.jpg
The Thirteenth Tribe Book Cover:
https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Thirteenth-Tribe-Khazar-Empire-Heritage-Arthur/20909917596/bd
The Battle between Bahram Chubina and Sava Shah: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Battle_between_Bahram_Chubina_and_Sava_Shah_LACMA_M.2009.44.1_(3_of_9).jpg
Klavdiy Lebedev (1852-1916). Svyatoslav's meeting with Emperor John, as described by Leo the Deacon:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lebedev_Svyatoslavs_meeting_with_Emperor_John.jpg
Khazar ‘Moses Coin’:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Khazar_coin_Spillings_Hoard.jpg#
Map of the Persian Gulf from a 8-9th century AH (14-15th century AD) Persian translation by al-Istakhri:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stylized_Persian_Gulf.jpg
Pecheneg Warriors, a Miniature from the Manasses Chronicle:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:63-manasses-chronicle.jpg
Depiction of Pechenegs in the Madrid Skylitzes:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MadridSkylitzesFol173ra.jpg
An Jia with a Turkic Chieftain in Yurt. Xi’an, 579 CE. Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an:
S. V. Ivanov. Trade negotiations in the country of Eastern Slavs. Pictures of Russian history. (1909):
Excavations at Samosdelka hillfort (tentative location of Atil, the capital of Khazaria): Kamyzyaksky District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia:
Excavations at Atil:
Ruins of Atil:
https://thecompletepilgrim.com/ruins-atil/
Modern Siberian Pagan Shamans:
https://www.56thparallel.com/shamanism-in-siberia/
Codex Manesse Süßkind von Trimberg:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Manesse_S%C3%BC%C3%9Fkind_von_Trimberg.jpg
Medieval English Jews:
https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/the-jews-of-medieval-england/
Detail of Darmstadt Haggadah, Scribe, Israel b. Meir of Heidelberg, Germany:
https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/the-jews-in-the-medieval-period
Illustration of Khazar leader Bulan:
Leo III Coin:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_III.png
Leo the Khazar Coin:
Map of the Ummayid Caliphate in 74o AD:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caliphate_740-en.svg
Funeral of a Rus' nobleman, Heinrich Semiradzki, 1883:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Funeral_of_ruthenian_noble_by_Siemiradzki.jpg
Guests from Overseas, Nicholas Roerich, 1901:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicholas_Roerich,_Guests_from_Overseas.jpg
Bulgarian king Omurtag sends delegation to Byzantine emperor Michael II from the Chronicle of John Skylitzes:
Volga Delta:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VolgaDelta_AMO_2005jun11.jpg
Articles:
Lawrence W. Reed, 'The Most Prosperous Ancient Nation You’ve Never Heard Of', https://fee.org/articles/the-most-prosperous-ancient-nation-you-ve-never-heard-of/
This article discusses the Khazar policy of 'Trade, Tolerance and Decentralisation'
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