Embedded Files
Sources:
Kim, Hyun Jin. The Huns. Routledge, 2015.
Pritsak, Omeljan. "The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan". In Havard Ukrainian Studies,, Volume 6, Number 4, December 1982.
Maenchen-Helfen, Otto. The world of the Huns; studies in their history and culture. Berkley, 1973.
Zosimus. New History. London, Green and Chaplain, 1814.
Dennis, George T (trans.). Maurice's Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine Military Strategy
Blockley, R. C. The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire. 1983.
Images Used:
The Huns at the Battle of Chalons - De Neuville
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:De_Neuville_-_The_Huns_at_the_Battle_of_Chalons.jpg
Stilicho
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diptych_of_Stilicho.jpg
The Favourites of the Emperor Honorius, by John William Waterhouse, 1883
A 14th century depiction of Peroz I questioning Zoroastrian priests, Al-Biruni, 1307
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Peroz_I_in_the_Chronology_of_Ancient_Nations.jpg
Kuray Basin, Altai Region
Mural from Dilberjin Tepe, thought to represent an early Hephthalite ruler
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dilbergin_frescoe_royal_figure_(cleaned_up).jpg
Sasanian depiction of a defeated Hephthalite
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bandian,_vanquished_Hephthalite_(vertical).jpg
Xiongnu Crown
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Warring_States_Xiongnu_Gold_Crown_-_b.jpg
Xiongnu Belt Buckle, 2nd-1st Cen. BC
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Belt_Buckle_LACMA_M.76.97.582.jpg
Bronze plague depicting Xiongnu Horseman
Huns in battle with the Alans, Johann Nepomuk Geiger, 1873
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunnen.jpg
Hephthalite coin, late 5th Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hephthalites_coin._Uncertain_ruler._Late_5th_century_CE.jpg
Bust of Attila, Giovanni Bonazza
Wall painting from Tavka Kurgan, Uzbekistan, likely depicting a Hephthalite
Murals from Balalyk tepe, Uzbekistan, depicting Hephthalite elites
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balalyk_Tepe_festivities.jpg
Attila, the Scourge of God, Ulpiano Checa, 1894
Roman villa in Gaul sacked by the hordes of Attila the Hun, Georges Rochegrosse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Attila_et_les_Huns_par_Georges-Antoine_Rochegrosse.jpg
Relief from sarcophagus, which may depict Aetius
Invasion of the Barbarians, Ulpiano Checa, 1887
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ulpiano_Checa_La_invasi%C3%B3n_de_los_b%C3%A1rbaros.jpg
Attila and his Hordes Overrun Italy and the Arts, Eugène Delacroix, 1843-47
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eugene_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_Attila_fragment.jpg
Feast of Attila, Ede Heinrich, 1863
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_Feast_of_Attila_1863.jpg
Gothic Warrior depicted on the Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus, mid 3rd Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grande_Ludovisi_Altemps_Inv8574_(cropped).jpg
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus, 3rd Cen. AD
Late 15th century depiction of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains, Chronica Hungarorum
Statue depicting Visigothic king Theodoric I
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teodorico_I_rey_visigodo-01.jpg
Prosper of Aquitaine
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aquit%C3%A1niai_Szent_Prosper.jpg
Hun Cauldron
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Klosz_Gyorgy_hun.jpg
Xiongnu Cauldron
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eastern_Han_Xiongnu_Iron_Cauldron_(10337027003).jpg
Hun-period Spatha - a long, double-edged sword
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:02019_0566_(2)_Spatha_of_Jakuszowice.jpg
Feast of Attila, Mór Than, 1870
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MorThanFeastofAttila.jpg
Shaman, probably of Khakas ethnicity, S. I. Borisov, 1908
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SB_-_Altay_shaman_with_drum.jpg
The ‘Liver of Piacenza’ - a bronze model of an animal’s liver, engraved with the Etruscan names of deities
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Piacenza_Bronzeleber.jpg
Hunnish oval openwork fibula, 4th Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunnish_-_Fibula_-_Walters_57558.jpg
Hun gold bracelet with inset garnet, 5th Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Front.jpg
Hun Horse-head Fibula, early 5th Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hunnish_-_Horse-Head_Fibula_-_Walters_57482_-_Back.jpg
Hun Cauldrons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hun_%C3%BCst%C3%B6k.jpg
Dacian Prisoner with Phrygian Cap, Roman Statue, 2nd Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seated_prisoner,_Ma_1383_(194).jpg
Yurt in Xinjiang, 1991
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yurt_in_Xinjiang.jpg
Hun period skull, Hungary, 5th Century
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hun_period_hungary_5th_cAD_distorted_skull_IMG_1163.JPG
Portrait of Alchon Hun king Khingila, circa 450 AD
Elongated skull of a young woman, probably an Alan
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elongated_skull_IMG_6686-6689.jpg
Elongated skull found at Samarkand, 600-800 AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Afrasiab,_elongated_skull_600-800_CE,_Afrasiab_Museum.jpg
Arrival of the Huns in Pannonia, Chronicon Pictum, 1358
Arrival of the Hungarians, Árpád Feszty
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hungarian_warriors.jpg
Roman cavalry from a mosaic of the Villa Romana del Casale, Sicily, 4th century AD
Kyrgyz Yurt, Syr Darya Oblast, Aleksandr L. Kun, 1840-1888
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syr_Darya_Oblast._Kyrgyz_Yurt_WDL10968.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syr_Darya_Oblast._Kyrgyz_Migration_WDL10987.png
Kherlen River Valley, Mongolia
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tal_des_Herlen_unterhalb_des_Steppe_Nomads_Tourist_Camps.jpg
Pontic Steppe, Genichesk district, Modern Ukraine
Solidus of Theodosius II
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Theodosius_II.jpg
Roman mosaic depicting slaves at a banquet, 3rd Cen. AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dougga_cup-bearers_mosa%C3%AFc.jpg
Roman marble relief of collared slaves, 200 AD
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_collared_slaves_-_Ashmolean_Museum.jpg
Omeljan Pritsak
The meeting between Leo the Great and Attila, Raphael, 1514
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leoattila-Raphael.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Meeting_of_Leo_the_Great_and_Attila
Taklamakan desert
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Taklamakan_desert.jpg
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