0 - 3 months

• reflexive sounds

• coos and gurgles

• produces single syllables

• starts to blow bubbles

3 - 6 months

• babbling begins (VCV, "m")

• the child starts vocalizing for pleasure and displeasure

• many times the child stops vocalizing when the adult enters the room

• the babbling shows changes in pitch and inflection

6 - 9 months

• uses the /m, n, t, d, j, p, b/ sounds

• babbles with singing rhythm

• wide variation of sounds is used

• reduplicated babbling

9 - 12 months

• vocalizes during play

• uses most sounds in vocal play

• uses a wide variety of sounds and intonations

• may aquire first true word

• variegated babbling

(Gard et al., n.d.)

0 - 3 months

• startles from a loud sound

• tracks visually while on their back

• moves eyes to the source of sound

• turns head towards voice

• can have a fixed gaze on a bottle or spoon

• turns to light

• inspects objects briefly

• mouths objects

3 - 6 months

• expects to be fed after seeing a bottle

• carefully watches movement patterns

• recognizes a spoon or bottle

• laughs while playing with objects

• smiles upon facial recognition

6 - 9 months

• imitates gross motor gestures

• recognizes the names of common objects

• comprehends the word "no"

• can search for partially hidden picture

• maintains focus on a picture for one minute

• bangs objects together

9 - 12 months

• relates symbol to object which brings the first word

• follows simple command regarding body action

• turns head to their name

• understands the meaning of "hot"

• indicates displeasure when an object is removed.

(Gard et al., n.d.)

0 - 3 months

• visually tracks a moving person 

• quiets in response to sound

• smiles upon hearing a voice or seeing another smile

• excites when caregiver approaches

• cries in a different way to signal hunger, tired, or pain

• quiets when held

3 - 6 months

• fixes gaze on face

• looks for the voice source of their name

• localizes the sound source/speaker

• sometimes vocalizes in response to speech

6 - 9 months

• initiates vocalization with others

• enjoys play with others

• vocalizes differently to signal anger, contentment, and hunger

• recognizes familiar people

• imitates familiar sounds and actions

9 - 12 months

• makes noises to attract attention

• shakes "no" and pushes undesired objects away

• waves "bye"

• directs others by patting, pulling, or tugging an adult

• extends arms to be picked up

• distances from strangers

• plays games such as "pat-a-cake", "peek-a-boo", and "so-big".

• designs actions to please others (repeats something that people laughed at).

• reaches to request objects

(Gard et al., n.d.)