Toowong station opened on 14 June 1875. In 1886, the line through the station was duplicated. The station was submerged during the 1893 floods. In 1960, the station was rebuilt as part of the quadruplication of the line. The line was electrified through the station to Darra on 17 November 1979. In the 1980s the air rights were sold and redeveloped for the Toowong Village Shopping Centre which opened in 1986.
Toowong station was named after an early farm in the area called the Village of Toowong.
Toowong station has four platforms consisting of two island platforms. Platform 1 is for outbound services and platform 2 is for inbound services. Platform 3 is for peak Ipswich and Rosewood services and platform 4 is for peak Caboolture, Kippa-Ring and Nambour services.
Toowong station has three entrances. One is on High Street, one is from the overpass on Coronation Drive and one is from Toowong Village Shopping Centre.
Toowong station does have disability access.
There are bus stops nearby on High Street, Benson Street and Sherwood Road. The routes serving Toowong are routes 411, 412, 415, 417, 425, 430, 433, 435, 444, 445, 450, 453, 454, 460, 470 and N413 as well as Great Circle Line routes 598 and 599.