Caboolture station opened in 1889 at the same time as the line. In 1909, the Kilcoy branch opened which closed in September 1996. In 1917, the line was duplicated from Northgate to Caboolture. On 28 June 1986, as part of the electrification of the line the station building was rebuilt and a new island platform was constructed.
Caboolture serves the homonymous suburb of Caboolture obtaining its name from the local Aboriginal word referring to ‘the place of the carpet snake’.
Caboolture station itself has three platforms consisting of a side platform and an island platform. All platforms are used for services travelling in both directions. Traveltrain services depart from platform 1.
Caboolture station has two station entrances, one is the carpark on Walter Street and the other is the carpark on Matthew Terrace.
Caboolture station does have disability access.
There is a bus interchange outside the station on the Matthew Terrace side serving nearby suburbs. The routes that serve Caboolture are routes 640, 643, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 657, 660 and 9999. Route 649 also supplements the rail timetable by serving all train stations from Caboolture to Nambour. There are also some non TransLink bus services including route 895 to Kilcoy and Purser’s Coaches operate a service to Murgon.