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The full methodology and a full list of experts involved are in the Global Manual on SDG 14.1.1, 14.2.1 and 14.5.1. Methods were developed through preliminary pilot testing in Colombia and Fiji , detailed/ongoing pilot testing and data collection in Seychelles and Kenya (with Norway funding), and online consultation and an international expert group meeting in Paris and Kenya.
Linkages:
FDES (Framework for the development of Environment Statistics) topic 1.3.3 on Marine Water Quality chapter (being finalized now, a summary presentation is here). (Contact Reena Shah from UNSD on the FDES.)
SEEA (System of Economic Environmental Accounts) framework for ocean accounts (under development). (Contact Alessandra Alferi from UNSD on the SEEA.)
Regional Seas Programme indicators: 3 Overall levels of marine litter Quantification of beach litter items and 10 Pollution hot spots.and also to 18 Incentive to reduce marine litter at source. (A more complete review of the SDGs and Regional Seas indicators is here.) (Contact Nancy Soi the Regional Seas coordinator for more information on the Regional Seas.)
Aichi Target 8: By 2020, pollution, including from excess nutrients, has been brought to levels that are not detrimental to ecosystem function and biodiversity.
National Source Inventory approach: sources and pathways
National Source Inventory approach: sources and pathways
UNEP is using a national source inventor approach to try to monitor across the marine litter/plastic life cycle: from production to final accumulation and impact. SDG 14.1.1b measures marine litter in the environment; however, UNEP suggest that in order to reduce marine litter much more information is needed. This approach is included across all work the work on monitoring marine litter, including in the supplementary indicators on SDG 14.1.1 and in the elaboration of the monitoring component of the global platform on marine litter. The National Source Inventory approach is also captured in the Marine Litter: Guidelines for Designing Action Plans (which was produced for the Ad Hoc and Open Ended Expert Group on Marine Litter and Microplastics) and has been used for recent trainings, for example with the COBSEA. This also links with UNEP internal effort to coordinate all work related to plastics, including linkages with relevant multilateral environment agreements (e.g. Basel Convention).
Contact: UNEP: Jillian Campbell, Heidi Savelli-Soderberg; UNEP plastics coordination:Tessa Goverse; Llorenc Mila I Canals.
SDG 14.1.1b: Plastic debris density on beaches, floating, in sea column and seafloor
SDG 14.1.1b: Plastic debris density on beaches, floating, in sea column and seafloor
SDG 14.1.1b includes four core sub-indicators on plastic debris by location:
Beach litter density (count per km)
Floating plastic debris density (count per km2)
Plastic sea column (count per km2)
Plastic on the sea floor (count per km2)
Global flow modelling and large (>10m) plastic patches are also included in the methodology.
Currently, data for assessing progress on any of the SDG 14.1.1b sub-indicators is not available at the global level due to the expense of collecting data, a lack of current national data collection practices and the last global assessment on marine litter was in 2016.
The methodology is fully aligned with the GESAMP methodology.and links with the CSIRO methodological approach which was used in the pilot tests. Additionally, indicators on microplastics, ingested plastics and data on sources and pathways is recommended but not included as a core SDG 14.1.1b indicator. (See the Global Manual for more information.)
There is a lack of data collected on marine debris and thus UNEP is looking to improve the collection of data by bringing together traditional monitoring, citizen science and global modelling to fill the knowledge gaps - in particular UNEP has worked through the Seychelles and Kenya to use a citizen science approach to data collection and a further pilot is planned with IIASA in Ghana. Data will be collected from Regional Seas Programmes and countries and this will be complemented by the Global Platform on Marine Litter which will aim to provide a comprehensive data repository for data on marine litter.
Contact: UNEP: Jillian Campbell, Heidi Savelli-Soderberg ; GESAMP: Peter Kershaw; Alexander Turra; CSIRO: Denise Hardesty;
Global platform on marine litter: using AI, new data and traditional data
Global platform on marine litter: using AI, new data and traditional data
The global platform on marine litter is being developed to provide information to stakeholders interested in understanding marine litter accumulation, flow, trends, sources, pathways, impacts and policy options. This platform will also provide global data products for monitoring SDG 14.1.1b. It is being developed with IBM and the Science-Policy Business Forum (SPBF). The following global data products are under development:
Global geospatial models of plastic flow (in collaboration with Florida State) and
Global geospatial model of beach litter density, most common litter items and citizen engagement (in collaboration with the IBM, GEO BluePlanet and the Wilson Center and other citizen science organizations) based on existing initiatives. A short note on this approach is here.
Longer term objectives include building:
An approach to collating data and presentation of different plastic emissions calculators (PEW, IUCN, University of Leeds, UNEP, Common Seas, ISWA, UN Habitat and GIZ).
Integration of satellite-based estimation of plastic (building on work being done by ESA and NASA in coordination with GEO BluePlanet).
Inclusion of data from Regional Seas, countries and other sources covering the full national source inventory pathway scope.
UNEP is working on a pilots to bring national data and global data into the Global Platform on Marine Litter, this will be phased as follows:
Phase I: Bringing in national data on SDG 14.1.1
Phase I: Bringing in citizen science data on beach litter and plastic flow
Phase II: Bringing in national data across all aspects of the national source inventor
Phase II: Bringing in global data across all aspects of the national source inventor
Many of the longer term objectives are detailed in a White Paper on building a global platform (for an overview presentation click here). which was a collaborative effort of many GEO Blue Planet members, including NOAA, IEEE, WWF, Wilson Center, European Environment Agency, Government of Portugal, Government of France, EAWAG, UNEP and others. This work will be finalized through a UNEP, IEEE, GEO BluePlanet workshop which will integrate the White Paper with previous IEEE workshops and is expected to feed into the Oceans Conference.
Contact: UNEP: Jillian Campbell, Heidi Savelli-Soderberg ; SPBF: Shereen Zorba ; GEO BluePlanet: NOAA: Emily Smail; IEEE: René Garello; Portugal: Samy Djavidnia; Florida State: Eric Chassignet; other contacts are mentioned in the white paper.
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