Här kommer ett urval av de många forskningsartiklar som vi har använt oss av.

A Graph-Based Method for IFC Data Merging

2020 –Länk

Abstract.- Collaborative work in the construction industry has always been one of the problems solved by BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology. The integration of IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) data as a general building information standard is one of the indispensable functions in collaborative work. The most practical approach of merging IFC data depends on GUID (Global Universal Identifier) comparison at present. However, GUID is not stable in current applications and often changes when exported. The intact representation of relationships between IFC entities is an essential prerequisite for proper association of IFC entities in IFC mergence. This paper proposes a graph-based method for IFC data merging. The IFC data are represented as a graphical data structure, which completely preserves the relationship between IFC entities. IFC mergence is accomplished by associating other data with an isomorphic graph that is obtained by mining the IFC graph. The feasibility of the method is proven by a program, and the method can ignore the impacts of GUID and other factors.

Enhanced Differencing and Merging of IFC Data by Processing Spatial, Semantic and Relational Model Aspects

2016 –Länk

Abstract.- Building Information Modeling promotes collaborative work in which models are edited and enhanced in parallel by domain experts. In this environment, revised and extended datasets have to be combined to an overall database. To perform this merging, duplicates have to be identified. This paper describes a novel, comprehensive approach for detecting equivalences in datasets of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), an open and full-fledged schema for building models. In contrast to available methods, the presented approach is independent of object identifiers. Instead, the detection of duplicates is performed on entity level considering spatial, semantic and relational aspects of the IFC data.

BIM-based process mining - Enabling knowledge reassurance and fact-based problem discovery within the AECFM-industry

2016 –Länk

Abstract.- Current state-of-the-art technologies regarding planning and monitoring systems for construction projects enable to autonomously measure progress. It is recommended to contractors to implement the concept of process-oriented data warehouse, a database containing information about relevant events happened in the company and his construction projects. As-planned BIM models can serve as a solid bases for such warehouses. BIM tools are able to make as-planned models which are suitable for project scheduling. At this moment as-planned BIM is mainly used on single projects and mainly for visualisation purposes. However companies are not aware of the value of those models and applications and reusability of the accompanied data. With process mining analytics in mind a contractor finds an additional purpose for his as-planned models and records its requirements in the BIM protocol.

BIM – versioning for collaborative design

2015 –Länk

Abstract.- The engineering design process is a complicated activity. It is often characterized by multi-disciplinary teams in multiple places working together, on a single project, using different models and software tools. In addition, such activities generate a large amount of data that require exchange among designers and stages of the work. In industry, the current collaboration approaches often focus on integrating and managing multiple models from multi-designers. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is playing a major role in facilitating collaboration. BIM provides an opportunity to electronically model and manage the vast amount of information embedded in a building project, from conception to completion. In the building design process, changes and modifications are inevitable even in the contemporary BIM approach. Such changes need to be well managed to keep track of changes to ensure that designers have an up-to-date version of the BIM model. The main goal of this research is to develop a collaborative BIM platform that tackles the challenges of integrating object versioning, as a change management approach, and an IFC model, as data representation of BIM. This has been done through suggesting new IFC extensions to add further concepts representing the history of changing to any object of the model. It also explores possibilities of adding or merging object-based change information to existing BIM models to enable the representation of design intentions, identification of affected changes numerically and visually. A prototype system is implemented in C#, using .NET framework and Revit API platform. This paper concludes that the proposed system can contribute to improving collaboration – in terms of tracking and management of affected changes during multi-disciplinary design process.

An approach to distributed building modeling on the basis of versions and changes

2011 –Länk

Actors involved in the computer-supported design process work together towards a common goal – the design of a building. Current collaboration approaches often focus on versioned and distributed building models, which describe virtual building states on the basis of the object-oriented method. State changes (for example moving a wall or modifying its material) remain unconsidered and lead to inconsistency problems when exchanging, comparing and merging versioned building models. This paper presents a new modeling approach that combines existing state-oriented descriptions of a virtual building with additional change-oriented information by means of design steps denoted as modeling operations. A new language is defined for the formal description of modeling operations. These operations establish a standardized processing interface for existing building models, can represent design intents, enhance current models with change semantics and add to the consistency of these models. Moreover, this paper presents new concepts for intra-domain collaboration and model management that overcome current limitations when exchanging, comparing and merging versioned building models. The pilot implementation and some project scenarios in industry verify that current design processes can benefit in principle from combined state-oriented and change-oriented building information.

Här kommer ett urval av de många projekt och produkter som vi har analyserat och även använt oss av.

IfcOpenShell

Typ: Software toolkit (bibliotek)

Anv. villkor: LGPL öppen källkod licens

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 10-8/2022)

Nytta: Vi använder IfcOpenShell i vår referensimplementation av RTRE, tex för IFC-merging

Kort beskrivning: IfcOpenShell is an open source (LGPL) software library for working with the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) file format. Extensive geometric support is implemented for the IFC releases IFC2x3 TC1 and IFC4 Add2 TC1. Support for parsing is provided for IFC4x1, IFC4x2, and the IFC4x3 release candidates. Extending with support for arbitrary IFC schemas is possible at compile-time when using C++ and at run-time when using Python.

Länkar: Repository @GitHub

BIMserver

Typ: Software toolkit (bibliotek)

Anv. villkor: GNU AGPL öppen källkod licens

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 10-8/2022)

Nytta: Vi använder BIMserver i vår referensimplementation av RTRE, t ex för lagring av BIM-data

Kort beskrivning: The Building Information Model server (short: BIMserver) enables you to store and manage the information of a construction (or other building related) project. Data is stored in the open data standard IFC. The BIMserver is not a fileserver, but it uses a model-driven architecture approach. This means that IFC data is stored as objects. You could see BIMserver as an IFC database, with special extra features like model checking, versioning, project structures, merging, etc. The main advantage of this approach is the ability to query, merge and filter the BIM-model and generate IFC output (i.e. files) on the fly. Thanks to it's multi-user support, multiple people can work on their own part of the dataset, while the complete dataset is updated on the fly. Other users can get notifications when the model (or a part of it) is updated.

Länkar: Repository @GitHub

xbim Flex

Typ: Molntjänst

Anv. villkor: Fri för personlig användning

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 11-1/2022)

Nytta: Inspirationskälla för vår produkt/lösning

Kort beskrivning: “xbim Flex is a cloud-based service to host and manage BIM data using OpenBIM format and Open APIs. It's a free for personal use, and designed to make it very simple to work with building data in open formats. You can upload a model in IFC format, and by using our simple REST APIs can interact with the data and visualise the the model in seconds. To make things even easier we've provided some front-end libraries so you can bootstrap a new application in seconds. While you can just use our pre-generated Typescript libraries (both generic and for Angular) to access our services, we recommend using our Angular Flex Webkit library, which we're using in this demo. Our own applications such as are built on exactly the same Webkit library client APIs so all those features are available to you, and obviously we'll be adding more features in future…”.

Länkar: Länk till inloggning

xbim toolkit

Typ: Software toolkit

Anv. villkor: CDDL öppen källkod licens

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 11-1/2022)

Nytta: Antingen skulle vi kunna använda biblioteket direkt eller hämta inspiration därifrån.

Kort om ett av dess paket, XbimEssentials: “This library enables software developers to easily read, write, validate and interrogate data in the buildingSmart IFC formats, using any .NET language”... “This library supports STEP, IfcXml and IfcZip formats, and enables you to read and write the full schema of IFC2x3 and IFC4 (including support for the latest Ifc4 Addendum 2)”.

Om övrigt Open BIM-stöd i biblioteket via andra paket: “The wider XBIM toolkit contains additional repositories with libraries to read and write related Open BIM formats including COBie and BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)”.

Kort beskrivning: “xbim is the Github for Building Information”... “The xbim toolkit is a .NET open-source software development BIM toolkit that supports the BuildingSmart Data Model (aka the Industry Foundation Classes IFC). Xbim allows .NET developers to read, create and view Building Information (BIM) Models in the IFC format. There is full support for geometric, topological operations and visualisation. In addition xbim supports bi-directional translation between IFC and COBie formats. Core libraries for data manipulation are all written in C#, core of geometry engine is written in C++”.

Länkar: Overview | Getting Started | Open source demo apps | Demo av xbim Flex - en kommersiell produkt som en gren av xbim producerar. En av kärnorna i xbim Flex är, ja, xbim (-: Demosidan finns här. Skapa gärna ett konto (det gick fort i mitt fall) och se potentialen med xbim | Root repository @ GitHub

XBIM Flex API v1 | Swagger UI

Typ: Software toolkit

Anv. villkor: Ja du, verkar vara öppet (-:

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 11-1/2022)

Nytta: Inspirationskälla för våra ev. REST API:er.

Länkar: Börja typ här

Autodesk > Revit-IFC

Typ: Plugin/extension-kod

Anv. villkor: GNU GPL öppen källkod licens

Status: Aktiv (senast kollat: 11-1/2022)

Nytta: Inspirationskälla för Revit-plugin som följer med referensimplementationen av RTRE

Kort beskrivning: This is the .NET code used by Revit 2019 and Revit LT 2019 to support IFC. The open source version can override the version that comes standard with shipped Revit. This contains the source code for Link IFC, IFC export and the IFC export UI. This also works to improve Navisworks import.

Länkar: Repository @GitHub

OpenProject Revit Add-In

Typ: Plugin-kod

Anv. villkor: GNU GPL öppen källkod licens

Status: Mycket aktiv (senast kollat: 24-1/2022)

Nytta: Inspirationskälla för Revit-plugin som följer med referensimplementationen av RTRE

Kort beskrivning: The OpenProject Revit Add-In allows you to use the open source project management software OpenProject BIM directly within your Autodesk Revit environment. It lets you create, inspect and manage issues right in the moment when you can also solve them - when you have your Revit application fired up and the relevant BIM models open. Issues get stored as BCFs centrally and are available to every team member in real time - thanks to our browser based IFC viewer even to those team members without expensive Revit licenses. No BCF XML import/export is needed. However, you still can import and export BCF XML as you like and stay interoparable with any other BCF software.

Länkar: Repository @GitHub

Service blueprint

Användningsområden inom RTRE.-

• Visuell representation av nuvarande sätt att jobba med relationshandlingar, inklusive:

  • Avslöjandet och/eller synliggörandet av flaskhalsar, onödigt arbete, etc

  • Tids- och kostnadsanalys

• Simulering av ändringar till nuvarande sätt att jobba med relationshandlingar

• Kostnadsbesparingsanalyser när vi jämför nuvarande sätt med ändrat sätt

Kort beskrivning.-

[Enligt denna källa]

A service blueprint is a diagram that visualizes the relationships between different service components — people, props (physical or digital evidence), and processes — that are directly tied to touchpoints in a specific customer journey.

Think of service blueprints as a part two to customer journey maps. Similar to customer-journey maps, blueprints are instrumental in complex scenarios spanning many service-related offerings. Blueprinting is an ideal approach to experiences that are omnichannel, involve multiple touchpoints, or require a crossfunctional effort (that is, coordination of multiple departments).

A service blueprint corresponds to a specific customer journey and the specific user goals associated to that journey. This journey can vary in scope. Thus, for the same service, you may have multiple blueprints if there are several different scenarios that it can accommodate. For example, with a restaurant business, you may have separate service blueprints for the tasks of ordering food for takeout versus dining in the restaurant.

Service blueprints should always align to a business goal: reducing redundancies, improving the employee experience, or converging siloed processes.

[Enligt denna källa]

Service blueprint är en teknik som ursprungligen användes för tjänstedesign, men har också hittat tillämpningar för att diagnostisera problem med operativ effektivitet. Tekniken beskrevs först av G. Lynn Shostack, en bankchef, i Harvard Business Review 1984. Service blueprint är ett tillämpat processschema som visar tjänsteleveransprocessen ur kundens perspektiv. Service blueprint har blivit ett av de mest använda verktygen för att hantera tjänstedrift, tjänstedesign och tjänstepositionering.

Exempel.- Länk

Mall som vi använder inom RTRE.- En liten variant av denna

Länkar.- Introduktion till Service blueprint @ NN/g | Introduktion till Service blueprint @ Wikipedia

Wireframes

Användningsområden inom RTRE.-

• (Snabbt) prototypande av webbaserat användargränssnitt

Kort beskrivning.-

[Enligt denna källa]

Wireframes force teams to stay focused on the information architecture and structural design without getting sidetracked by the distraction of the visual layer.

If site diagrams provide the global overview of the developing web site, then wireframes are the “rough map” that will eventually be used by graphic and interface designers to create preliminary and final page designs for the site. Wireframes are rough two-dimensional guides to where the major navigation and content elements of your site might appear on the page. They bring a consistent modular structure to the various page forms of your site and provide the fundamental layout and navigation structure for the finished templates to come

Länkar.- Introduktion till (website) wireframes @ Wikipedia