Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative approach to research which seeks to help communities become aware of socially determined barriers preventing their full participation and empower them to take action to minimize or eliminate those barriers, reduce health inequities, and achieve meaningful and sustainable social change (Baum et al., 2006; Duijs et al., 2019; Fine et al., 2021; International Collaboration for Participatory Health Research [ICPHR], 2013; Owens et al., 2021; Savin-Baden & Wimpenny, 2007).

PAR is grounded in a strengths-based approach and the principles of empowerment, equity and social justice (Duijs et al., 2019; Owens et al., 2021)

PAR Involves examining an issue systemically, producing knowledge through incorporating the perspectives, competencies, and lived experiences of community members and other stakeholders most affected by that issue, generating greater understanding through reflection and observation, and facilitating action towards meaningful change and real-world impact (Baum et al., 2006; Bhattacherjee, 2012, p.107; Fine et al., 2021; Owens et al., 2021; Savin-Baden & Wimpenny, 2007; Susman & Evered, 1978; Vaughn & Jacquez, 2020).

PAR breaks down traditional research hierarchies, making participants co-researchers and co-owners with shared power for decision-making (ICPHR, 2013; Owens et al., 2021; Savin-Baden & Wimpenny, 2007).

PAR pays special attention to power relationships, ensuring power is shared, so as not to maintain existing power imbalances and stifle action and change (Baum et al., 2007; Vaughn & Jacquez, 2020).

PAR aims to challenge the idea that the legitimate knowledge comes only from privileged experts in a field of study (Owens et al., 2021; Savin-Baden & Wimpenny, 2007) and believes that existing social structures should be questioned and that the consideration of the alternative narratives of those most marginalized are key to disrupting the status quo (Fine et al., 2021).