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Def: Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon.
Types: There are two voices. They are:
a) Active voice: When subject of the sentence is the doer or actor, the verb is active.
Eg: I did it.
He said this.
b) Passive voice: When the subject of the sentence is acted upon, the verb is passive.
Eg: It was done by me.
This was done by him
* Rules of changing active voice to Passive voice:
a) The object in the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice and the subject in the active voice becomes the object in the passive voice.
b) The verb is changed in the Past Participle form and is preceded by some of the verb to be.
c) The passive voice of verbs with two objects is formed by changing either of the two objects into the subject, and retaining the other as object, called retained object.
Eg:- Active:-The news will please you.
Passive:- You will be pleased by the news.
Active:- I Know him.
Passive:- He is known to me.
Active:- What are you doing?
Passive:- What is being done by you?
Active:- I gave him a book.
Passive:- He was given a book by me. / A book was given to him by me.
* Rules of voice change according to tense (Active to Passive):
* Present Tense:
a) Present Indefinite Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Am, Is, or Are should be added according subject.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object. But for name of any person or animal there will be no change.
e) For the verb ‘know’, to is used instead of by.
Eg:-Active:- I go to school.
Passive:- School is gone by me.
Active:- Rima sings song.
Passive:-Songs are sung by Rima.
Active:-I know him.
Passive:-He is known to me.
b) Present Continuous Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Am, Is, or Are should be added according subject + Being.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:- I am playing cricket.
Passive:- Cricket is being played by me.
Active:- Rima is writing a letter.
Passive:- A letter is being written by Rima.
Active:- I am giving him a pen.
Passive:- A pen is being given him by me.
c) Present Perfect Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Have/ Has Been should be added according subject.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:- I have bought these books.
Passive:- These books have been bought by me.
Active:- Ranjan has killed a snake.
Passive:- A snake has been killed by Ranjan.
Active:- I have written a poem.
Passive:- A poem has been written by me.
* Past Tense:
a) Past Indefinite Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Was or Were should be added according subject.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:- My Mother cooked rice.
Passive:- Rice was cooked by my mother.
Active:- Bagha Jatin killed a tiger.
Passive:- A tiger was killed by Bagha Jatin.
Active:- The noise annoyed us.
Passive:- We were annoyed by the noise.
b) Past Continuous Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Was or Were should be added according subject + Being.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:- You were building a house.
Passive:- A house was being built by you.
Active:- I was playing golf.
Passive:- Golf was being played by me.
Active:- You were writing an essay.
Passive:- An essay was being written by you.
c) Past Perfect Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Had been should be added.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:- I had written the letter before you
Passive:- The letter had been written by me before
Active:- Came.
Passive:- You came.
Active:- He had done the sums before he wrote the essay.
Passive:- The sum had been done by him before he wrote the essay.
*Future Tense:
a) Future Indefinite Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Shall/ Will + Be should be added according subject + Being.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:-The militants will kill us.
Passive:-We shall be killed by the militants.
Active:-He will present me a car.
Passive:-I shall be presented with a car by him.
Active:-I shall help your dad.
Passive:- Your dad will be helped by me.
b) Future Continuous Tense: Presently passive voice of this tense is not in use.
c) Future Perfect Tense:
a) Object should be changed to subject.
b) Shall/ Will + Have been should be added according subject.
c) Past Participle form of verb is used instead of main verb.
d) At last ‘By’ is used and subject is changed to object.
Eg:-Active:-Rakesh will have flown a kite.
Passive:- A kite will have been flown by Rakesh.
Active:-He will have known the incident.
Passive:-The incident will have been known to
Active:-By this time.
Passive:- Him by this time.
* Rules of voice change according to types of sentence (Active to Passive):
* Imperative Sentence:
a) The sentence should begin with Let and Let Not for negative sentence.
b) Object will change to subject and vice verse.
c) Be should be used.
d) Past Participle form of verb should be used.
Eg:-Active:-Let me do it.
Passive:- Let it be done by me.
Active:-Do not beat the boy.
Passive:-Let not the boy be beaten.
Active:-Do not waste your time.
Passive:-Let not your time be wasted.
* Interrogative Sentence:
a) Object will change to subject.
b) ‘To Be’ or ‘To Have’ verb is to be used according to tense before the subject.
c) For future tense, shall/ will is to be used according to subject.
d) ‘Wh’ word or ‘How’ should be brought in the beginning in the passive form, if the active form begins with ‘Wh’ word or ‘How’. For question with ‘Who’ in active voice, the passive voice should begin with ‘By whom’.
Eg:-Active:-What do you want?
Passive:- What is wanted by you?
Active:-How did you open the door?
Passive:- How was the door opened by you?
Active:-Who did this?
Passive:- By whom is this done?
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