Ziziphus oenoplia

HABIT: Ziziphus oenoplia, commonly known as Indian Jujube or Wild Jujube, is a thorny deciduous shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of 3 to 6 meters (10 to 20 feet). It has a spreading and bushy habit with multiple branches arising from the base. The branches are often armed with sharp thorns, providing protection against grazing animals. The leaves are small, alternate, and ovate to elliptical in shape, with a glossy green surface. The plant produces small, round fruits that are yellow or reddish-brown when ripe, containing a sweet and edible flesh. The bark of the tree is grayish-brown and may have a rough texture. Ziziphus oenoplia is well-adapted to arid and semi-arid regions and can tolerate drought and harsh environmental conditions. It is commonly found in India, Pakistan, and other parts of South Asia, growing in dry, sandy, and rocky areas.

CONSERVATION STATUS: Least Concern.

MEDICINAL USES: It has shown significant pharmacological activities, indicating its potential medicinal uses. It exhibits antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer, antiplasmodial, anticancer, wound healing, anthelmintic, antioxidant, analgesic and antinociceptive, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal effects. Phytochemical studies have identified fatty acids, flavonoids, phenols, pentacyclic triterpenes, hydroxycarboxylic acids, aliphatic hydroxy ether, and cyclopeptide alkaloids as constituents (Nahrin, A., Junaid, M., Afrose, S. S., Barua, A., Akter, Y., Alam, M. S., ... & Hosen, S. M. (2022). Ziziphus oenoplia Mill.: A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional medicinal plant. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(4), 640-660.).

ETHNOBOTANICAL USES: The fruits are utilized in culinary practices, adding flavor to a variety of dishes, preserves, and beverages. The wood of Ziziphus oenoplia is valued in traditional crafts, being carved into utensils and decorative items. The plant's extensive root system aids in soil erosion control, making it suitable for environmental conservation purposes. It also serves as livestock fodder during times of scarcity. Additionally, Ziziphus oenoplia is appreciated for its spreading habit and small fruits, making it an ornamental plant for gardens and landscapes.