Carissa spinarum

HABIT: The habit of Carissa spinarum is that of a thorny, evergreen shrub or small tree. It typically grows up to 3 meters in height, although some specimens can reach up to 5 meters. The plant has a dense and bushy growth habit, with multiple branches spreading outward. The branches are armed with sharp thorns, serving as a defensive adaptation. The leaves are glossy, dark green, and elliptical in shape. They are leathery in texture and arranged in an opposite fashion along the stems. The plant produces small, fragrant flowers that are typically white or pale pink. These flowers have a star-shaped appearance with five petals and often bloom in clusters at the ends of the branches. The flowers are followed by small, round berries that start off green and mature to yellow or red. Overall, the habit of Carissa spinarum is characterized by its thorny branches, glossy leaves, fragrant flowers, and edible berries.

CONSERVATION STATUS: Not Evaluated. 

MEDICINAL USES: Carissa species have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of conditions. These plants have been employed for ailments including headaches, chest discomfort, rheumatism, swelling, gonorrhea, syphilis, and even rabies. Additionally, they have been utilized as remedies for fever, sickle cell anemia, cough, ulcers, toothaches, and worm infestations (Kaunda, J. S., & Zhang, Y. J. (2017). The genus Carissa: An ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological review. Natural products and bioprospecting, 7, 181-199.).

ETHNOBOTANICAL USES: The plant is utilized in traditional medicine, with its bark, roots, and leaves used to treat ailments such as diarrhea, dysentery, toothache, and skin infections. Additionally, the edible berries of Carissa spinarum find culinary uses in the form of jams, jellies, and traditional beverages. The plant may hold cultural and ritual significance, being incorporated into ceremonies or symbolic practices. Its thorny nature and wildlife value add to its cultural importance, providing food and habitat for various wildlife species.