Like classroom teachers, online teachers must be able to use data to plan for instruction. The teacher should be able to monitor discussion boards and offer guidance if needed. They should be able to individualize instruction based on student needs. The teacher should use feedback from students to measure the successful of instructional routines. The teacher must enable students to use self-reflections to measure their own success.
I did teach one online lesson during my studies for the endorsement program during which I was able to collect some data on how well students learned from a lesson on the relationships between multiple sets of parallel and perpendicular lines. In my current placement, I've also provided for opportunities for student-self reflection as well as student evaluations of my effectiveness as a teacher. I use this information to modify classroom routines as needed.
I have included a link to the online lesson and a screenshot of an assessment question from that unit. I've also included the daily student self-reflection that my students use and a link to the teacher report card that I have my students complete twice per year.