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More information can be found on its website at http://ifna.site/.362 AANA Journal n October 2017 n Vol. 85, No. 5 www.aana.com/aanajournalonlinemedicine without a medical license. This decision threw the practice of nurse anesthesia into a state of confusion,and since that time CRNAs have practiced without guar-anteed legal protection.3,6,7,12The problem of professional identity for CRNAs is further exacerbated by developments affecting member-ship in KANA. Originally established by Sr Kollmer to support and guide the practice of CRNAs, KANA now accepts both CRNAs and ARNs for membership. Falling under the auspices of the Korean Nurses Association, KANA is required to maintain at least 1,000 members on its rolls to keep its affiliation as a specialty practice. With only 619 CRNAs in the country and a single uni-versity program preparing nurses to practice as CRNAs, this requirement would be impossible to meet.3,13 But by expanding its membership to include ARNs, KANA is able to continue its support of nurse anesthesia practice. However, CRNAs may soon no longer be the majority of association members. As a result, KANA may no longer be in a position to adequately represent the interests and particular needs of CRNAs in South Korea.MethodsMembers of KANA were asked to complete an online survey that describes the components of their jobs, lo-cation, and satisfaction with their work. Both CRNAs and ARNs were included in the survey. In addition to quantitative information about nurse anesthesia practice in South Korea, the survey also collected qualitative information about professional practice concerns. Respondents also provided information regarding age, gender, and plans for retirement. Finally, respondents were given the opportunity to provide written comments regarding their greatest professional concerns. These responses were collected in Hangul (Korean language) and translated for later use in content analysis.The survey was adapted from a 2014 membership profile survey developed and administered by the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA). For validation, the modified survey questions were sent to 4 professors from the University of Southern Mississippi College of Nursing, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, each with more than 10 years’ teaching experience. The validated survey was then translated into Hangul. The translation and cultural accommodations were validated by South Korean CRNAs currently practicing in the United States, as well as CRNAs and ARNs in South Korea.After the authors obtained permission from the AANA, they adapted the survey instrument to accommodate culturally sensitive topics. Cultural considerations played an important role in adapting the survey for use with this population.