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However, CRNAs may soon no longer be the majority of association members. As a result, KANA may no longer be in a position to adequately represent the interests and particular needs of CRNAs in South Korea.MethodsMembers of KANA were asked to complete an online survey that describes the components of their jobs, lo-cation, and satisfaction with their work. Both CRNAs and ARNs were included in the survey. In addition to quantitative information about nurse anesthesia prac-tice in South Korea, the survey also collected qualita-tive information about professional practice concerns. Respondents also provided information regarding age, gender, and plans for retirement. Finally, respondents were given the opportunity to provide written comments regarding their greatest professional concerns. These re-sponses were collected in Hangul (Korean language) and translated for later use in content analysis.The survey was adapted from a 2014 membership profile survey developed and administered by the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA). For validation, the modified survey questions were sent to 4 professors from the University of Southern Mississippi College of Nursing, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, each with more than 10 years’ teaching experience. The validated survey was then translated into Hangul. The translation and cultural accommodations were validated by South Korean CRNAs currently practicing in the United States, as well as CRNAs and ARNs in South Korea.After the authors obtained permission from the AANA, they adapted the survey instrument to accommodate cul-turally sensitive topics. Cultural considerations played an important role in adapting the survey for use with this population. For example, asking for personal information is often considered as disrespectful. Additionally, identi-fying geographic locations in a small country like Korea would make it easy to identify the specific individual.Because of these considerations, geographic and practice locations through which individuals might be identified were omitted from the survey, as was salary information.• Sample. The study population consisted of ap-proximately 1,000 KANA members and included both CRNAs and ARNs. A power analysis indicated that a total sample size of 143 was required to obtain a probability of .05, power of .80, and a moderate effect size (.50). A total of 281 surveys were returned, of which 267 were analyzed. Fourteen surveys were omitted from the study because of incomplete data. This convenience sample introduced bias in that it represents a self-selected group of ARNs and CRNAs. However, because nurse anesthesia providers are members of KANA, self-selection into the organization itself does not compound this bias. Because membership in KANA is voluntary, practicing CRNAs and ARNs who are not KANA members were excluded from the survey.• Data Collection. After obtaining approval from the University of Southern Mississippi institutional review board and support from KANA, the revised survey was administered using a confidential online survey (Qualtrics, Provo, Utah) between July 1 and September 15, 2015, to all KANA members.