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Health-Promoting Collaboration in Anesthesia Nursing: A Qualitative Study of Nurse Anesthetists in NorwayGertrud Averlid, RNA, MPH Susanna Bihari Axelsson, PhDPerceived stress of nurse anesthetists and their work environment has been the focus of several previous studies. This article presents a study of different fac-tors that may contribute positively or negatively to the work environment of nurse anesthetists in Norway. It focuses on factors that nurse anesthetists perceive as health promoting at work and indicates how a healthy work environment can be created.A qualitative method was used, which included interviews with a strategic sample of 14 nurse anesthe-tists working in anesthesia departments. The data were collected in 2008. A grounded theory approach was used as the method of analysis. From the data analysis emerged 1 core category, Collaboration for better or worse—the fate of nurse anesthetists at the workplace.There were also 3 categories, Management as orga-nizer of conditions, Well-being in an operating theater, and Clarity of role, and a number of subcategories.Collaboration through teamwork emerged as a crucial factor in the work environment of nurse anes-thetists, while management was considered an impor-tant factor for creating a healthy work environment. Production pressure and communication difficulties were perceived as negative for the work environment. Management should therefore be actively involved and oriented toward creating favorable conditions for collaboration.Keywords: Health promotion, leadership, manage-ment, nurse anesthetists, workplace.The workplace of a nurse anesthetist is very restricted, since most work tasks are per-formed inside the operating room. Continu-ous observation and bedside presence requires professional and efficient management of theentire patient situation. The profession is characterized by high workload, both dependent and independent work, and unpredic- situations.In Norway there are 2 different anesthesia care provid-ers, nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists, which can include anesthesiology fellows. A nurse anesthetist has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and 18 months of training in nurse anesthesia.