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However, the question is, in what way could lead-ership in an anesthesia workplace contribute to a better health-promoting work environment?Materials and Methods• Design and Sample. To answer the research questions, we chose grounded theory as a relevant analytical approach. This theory was first described by Glaser and Strauss25 as a comparative method for analysis of qualita-tive data. It is a method for studying individuals’ percep-tions, main concerns, or problems and for generating concepts explaining basic social processes. Grounded theory emphasizes the participant’s voice (via inter-view), while theory is being constructed in an interactive process between the researcher and the data generated. In the analysis phase the researcher strives for saturation,www.aana.com/aanajournalonline AANA Journal n August 2012 n Vol. 80, No. 4 n Special Research Edition S75which is reached when no new information is generated by new data.25,26The study sample consisted of 14 nurse anesthetists (8 women and 6 men, aged 28-61 years, with 1-31 years of practice), who worked in 6 different hospital anesthesia departments in the southeast region of Norway. The size of the departments ranged from 20 to 90 employees. This sample was chosen in a strategic way to reflect the com-position of the nurse anesthetist workforce in Norway in terms of age, gender, and experience (Norwegian Association of Nurse Anesthetists [ALNSF], unpublished written communication, 2008). The size of the sample was based on experience from grounded theory of how many participants are required to reach saturation.26Oral and written inquiries for participants were made, and were delivered in person by the first author (GA) to the anesthesia nursing managers of 3 different depart-ments. They had the responsibility to forward the inquiry by internal mail to their subordinate nurse anesthetists. Unfortunately, only 4 participants responded. A new inquiry was then sent out, which resulted in 1 more par-ticipant. After this reminder, 3 more departments were contacted. These contacts resulted in 7 more participants: 3 of them from a large department, 2 from a medium sized, and 2 from a small department. This brought the total to 12 participants (6 female and 6 male nurse anesthetists). Two of them had their training and practice from other Nordic countries. Finally, 2 female participants with less experience (1 and 8 years, respectively) were recruited, making for a total sample of 14 participants.• Data Collection and Analysis. Data were collected from May to November 2008. An interview guide was used, which included questions divided into 3 themes that were all concerned with workplace health (experi-ence of health related to work situation, collaboration, and management). Some of the questions are reproduced in the -.