Have you ever listened to a friend tell a story without understanding who said what?
Let's give an example:
Juanita is in a relationship, and Jane is single. They meet for coffee to catch up. "How was that new date last night?"
Wait... what? Who is speaking?
If Juanita is speaking to Jane, then Jane must have gone on a new date.
But if Jane is speaking to Juanita, then this conversation is much more interesting! Has Juanita left her relationship? Or is it an open relationship? Or maybe she is cheating?
The above is an example of a dropped quote. When your reader doesn't know who is speaking, they can get confused- even if you think it's obvious!
Whenever you quote, you want to tell your reader who is speaking. You can do this through attributive tags.
Attributive tags, also called "author tags" or "signal phrases", tell us that the student writer is about to quote or paraphrase someone else. Some examples phrases might look like this:
The article states
The writer explains
The text describes
The narrator notes
The speaker says
The study shows
The source indicates
The researcher writes
The evidence suggests
The author asks
More example signal verb ideas:
observes
argues
claims
asserts
maintains
believes
thinks
emphasizes
highlights
points out
reveals
expresses
reports
adds
concludes
illustrates
comments
warns
admits
concedes
responds
challenges
disputes
questions
counters
criticizes
supports
implies
agrees
reflects
reports
demonstrates
Simply put, we can clear up the confusion by adding one small change:
Juanita is in a relationship, and Jane is single. They met for coffee last week to catch up. Jane asked, "How was that new date last night?"
You could also integrate the quote into a larger sentence. This gives your reader more background and context.
Over coffee, Jane asked her friend Juanita, "How was that new date last night?"
Examples using MLA:
Barbara S. Cain, clinical supervisor at the Psychological Clinic at the University of Michigan, points out that…
To make his point, Fisher writes that, “such slavish dependency on cell phones is accompanied by the demise of common social courtesies” (660).
Cain indicates that children in school during COVID may be experiencing inequality when she states...
For video explanations and a step by step quoting guide, visit our Quoting & Paraphrasing page.
"Women's Coffee Chat..." by Pascal Maramis is licensed under CC BY 2.0