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Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (Warsaw, 7th November 1867-Passy, 4th July 1934), better known as Marie Curie, was a Polish nationalized French scientist. Pioneer in the field of radiation, the first person to receive Nobel awards in different specialties: Physics and chemistry, and the first woman to hold the post of professor at the University of Paris. In 1995 she was buried with honors in the Pantheon in Paris on her own merits.
She was born in Warsaw, in the Zarato of Poland (territory administered by the Russian Empire). He studied clandestinely in the floating university of Warsaw and began his scientific training in that city. In 1891, at the age of 24, her older sister, Bronisława Dłuska, went to Paris, where she finished her studies and carried out her most gifted scientific work. She shared the Nobel Award in Physics in 1903 with his husband Pierre Curie and the physicist Henri Becquerel. Years later, he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1911 alone. Although she received French citizenship and supported her new homeland, she never lost her Polish identity: she taught her daughters the mother tongue and took them to her visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element she discovered, polonium, as her country of origin.
Its results include the first studies on the phenomenon of radiation, techniques for the isolation of radioactive isotopes and the discovery of the elements: polonium and radium. Under her direction, the first studies in the treatment of neoplasms with radioactive isotopes were carried out. She founded the Curie Institute in Paris and in Warsaw, which remains among the main centers of medical research today. During the First World War, she created the first radiological centers for military use. She died in 1934 at age 66, in Sancellemoz in Passy, from an anemia caused by exposure to X-ray radiation with the radio that she kept in her pockets at work and in the construction of mobile X-ray units of the First World War.
If it weren’t for Marie Curie, they wouldn’t have discovered, among other things, the radiography.
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