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Velocity (v)- Velocity is the speed in a given direction and is calculated by dividing the distance and time. It shows how fast an object is moving.
Acceleration (a)- Acceleration is the change of velocity over a given amount of time and is calculated by dividing velocity and time. It shows how fast or slow something speeds up or slows down
Force (F)- Force is a push or pull on an object that causes it to move. The force of an object is found by multiplying its mass by it acceleration. It is measured by Newtons(N) and measures how strong of a force something has.
Work (w)- Work is the energy put into something over a distance. It is found by multiplying the force on an object with the distance you apply that force to the object. It is measured by Joules(J) and can be used to calculate the effectiveness of a machine
Potential Energy (PE)- Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy an object has due to its height. It can me found by multiplying the mass * gravity * and height.
Kinetic Energy (KE)- When an object is dropped, it's potential energy is converted into Kinetic Energy as it moves. PE and KE should always be equal to each other.
Mechanical Advantage- Mechanical Advantage is how many times a machine makes a given task.
Simple Machines- One of the 6 main simple machines (Inclined plane, Pulley, Screw, Wedge, Wheel and Axle, and Lever) that are used to complete a simple task. Multiple of these machines can be used to accomplish a more complicated task
Examples of Content used in Machine
Examples of Content used in Machine
Velocity
Velocity
It takes the marble 1.1 seconds to roll down the 80 cm ramp shown above, so the velocity is 0.72 m/s.
Acceleration
Acceleration
The velocity of the smaller ramp is 0.52 m/s. This means that the acceleration of the marble is 1.04 m/s^2.
Force
Force
Using the acceleration of 1.04 m/s^2 we can multiply that with the marble's mass of 0.063 kg to find the force of 0.07 Newton's of force.
Work
Work
The Work of the lever above can be found by multiplying the force of the rope being pulled down and the distance from the fulcrum (wheel) to the rope.
Potential Energy
Potential Energy
The Potential energy of the Newton's cradle can be found by multiplying the mass (0.063 kg), gravity (9.8 m/s^2), and the height (0.72 m). This gives us the PE of 0.45 Joules.
Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy
Since Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy are the same we know that the KE should be 0.45 Joules
Mechanical Advantage
Mechanical Advantage
For pulleys, Mechanical advantage can be found by counting the number of strings that go through the middle (excluding the pulling cord) to find that our pulley had a MA of 1.
Simple Machines
Simple Machines
The simple machine above is our mini lever which uses the force applied by the pulley to release the marble on the other side.
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